Recall that a collection 9 of subsets of X is point-countable if every x G X is in at most countably many ?Gf. Such collections have been studied from several points of view. First, in characterizing various kinds of j-images of metric spaces, second, to construct conditions which imply that compact spaces and some of their generalizations are metrizable, and finally, in the context of meta-Lindelόf spaces. This paper will make some contributions to all of these areas.
Introduction. A space1 X is determined by a cover £P, or 9 determines X, 2 if U C X is open (closed) in X if and only if U Π P is relatively open (relatively closed) in P for every P E <•?. (For example, X is determined by <$ if <$ is locally finite or if {P°: P E <3>} covers X.) We will explore this notion in the context of point-countable covers.Within the class of λ -spaces, spaces determined by point-countable covers turn out to be related to spaces having a point-countable Λ -network. Recall that a cover ζP of X is a k-network for X if, whenever K C U with K compact and U open in X 9 then K C U φ C U for some finitê C^. Such collections have played a role in S 0 -spaces (i.e., regular spaces with a countable λ -network [MJ) and K-spaces (i.e., regular spaces with a σ-locally finite λ -network [0]).
In order to attain more effective CDDP chemotherapy with minimum nephrotoxicity, the present pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies suggest that the Cmax or steady-state plasma level of unchanged CDDP should be maintained between 1.5 and 2 microg/ml in a standard continuous infusion schedule over 2 h and 4 h.
SUMMARYMany production Grid and e-Science infrastructures have begun to offer services to end-users during the past several years with an increasing number of scientific applications that require access to a wide variety of resources and services in multiple Grids. Therefore, the Grid Interoperation Now-Community Group of the Open Grid Forum-organizes and manages interoperation efforts among those production Grid infrastructures to reach the goal of a world-wide Grid vision on a technical level in the near future. This contribution highlights fundamental approaches of the group and discusses open standards in the context of production e-Science infrastructures.
Automated optical trapping of non-spherical objects offers great flexibility as a non-contact micromanipulation tool in various research fields. Computer vision control enables fruitful applications of automated manipulation in biology and material science. Here we demonstrate fully-automated, simultaneous, independent trapping and manipulation of multiple non-spherical objects using multiple-force optical clamps. Customized real-time feature recognition and trapping beam control algorithms are also presented.
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