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N,N′-Dialkyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxamides melt with anomalously small enthalpy changes. The 1,3-analogs behave similarly but at lower temperatures. These observations provide a clue to design novel mesomorphic compounds; N,N′,N″-trialkyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamides. The compounds carrying pentyl to octadecyl groups melt at temperatures between 49 and 119 °C depending upon the alkyl chain length. The clearing points are located above 200 °C. The unoriented liquid crystals show X-ray diffraction patterns consisting of two major peaks. The inner sharp peak gives a spacing, which increases as the series is ascended, from 1.40 to 2.26 nm. The outer one is sharp in the pentyl and hexyl derivatives but diffuse in the higher homologous members. The second moments of the broad-line proton NMR spectra measured above the melting points are as small as a few hundredths G2 and firmly establish the liquid-like characteristics of the alkyl chains.

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A simulation model is proposed for the breakup process of drops and the distribution of resultant daughter drops in an agitated tank, in order to account for the effect of liquid turbulence around drops. Thevariation of drop size distribution with time after the start of agitation wasmeasured and compared with that predicted by the proposed model. This model is found to be capable of predicting the breakup process.

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Copper pyrovanadate (Cu(2)V(2)O(7)) was found for the first time to achieve the high catalytic activity for the decomposition of sulfuric acid to evolve O(2) at moderate temperatures around 650 °C, which is essential for the development of solar thermochemical water splitting cycles.