Chloride content is a critical problem for the reuse of fly ash as a raw material in cement, and the method used by recyclers to reduce the fly ash chloride content depends on the chemical form of the chlorides. However, limited information is available on the quantitative distribution of chlorides and the identity of some chlorides such as Friedel's salt. We examined chloride forms and percentages using X-ray absorption near edge structure and X-ray diffraction analyses, as well as corresponding washing experiments. Approximately 15% of the chlorine in raw fly ash was estimated to be in the form of NaCI, 10% in KCl, 50% in CaCl2, and the remainder in the form of Friedel's salt. Fly ash collected in a bag filter with the injection of calcium hydroxide for acid gas removal (CaFA) contained 35% chlorine as NaCl, 11% as KCI, 37% as CaCl2, 13% as Friedel's salt, and the remaining 4% as CaClOH. In fly ash collected in a bag filter with the injection of sodium bicarbonate for acid gas removal (NaFA), approximately 79% of chlorine was in NaCl, 12% was in KCl, and 9% was in Friedel's salt.

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Insight into electron exchange in LiCoPO4 electrodes for high-voltage lithium ion battery is presented using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Despite the formation of the isolated valence electrons around the Co ion, O K-edge XAS reveals clear evidence that the hybridized orbital between Co and O plays an important role in the electron exchange arising from the electrochemical Li extraction.

Magnesium organohaloaluminate in tetrahydrofuran ͓0.25 mol/L Mg͑AlCl 2 EtBu͒ 2 /THF, Et:C 2 H 5 ,Bu:C 4 H 9 ͔ is an electrolyte solution that is able to deposit and dissolve magnesium electrochemically and reversibly at room temperature. It has been reported that the electrochemical window is ruled by Lewis acidity of the aluminum compounds involved, and some complex species formed in the electrolyte have been suggested based on the analysis of nuclear magnetic resonances and Raman spectroscopy. Because in these analytical methods there are not enough controls to identify all the included compounds, neither the complete complex structures nor the mechanism of the reversible reaction has been revealed yet. Here, we show the complete complex structures in this electrolyte directly observed by the X-ray absorption fine structure measurements, which reveal the reversible equilibrium reaction as well as the other electrochemical properties of this electrolyte. A754) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 155.198.30.43 Downloaded on 2015-05-28 to IP A759 Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 155 ͑10͒ A754-A759 ͑2008͒ A759 ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 155.198.30.43 Downloaded on 2015-05-28 to IP

A recombination emission spectrum is applied to study the local lattice distortion due to core excitation in graphite. The recombination emission spectrum reveals a long low-energy tail when the C 1s electron is excited to the σ * core exciton state. This indicates a large local lattice distortion around the excited carbon atom within a core hole lifetime (∼10fs). Theoretical calculation based upon an ionic cluster model well reproduces the experiments. The strong polarization correlation between incident and emitted X-rays is conclusive evidence of symmetry breaking in the core exciton state due to coupling with asymmetric vibrational modes. * Electronic address:

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A peak appearing at the L(2,3) X-ray absorption edge often provides the number of empty d states of the X-ray absorbing atoms. Ag(+) compounds have a d(10) state (no d empty states) but show a small peak at the edge. In this research, we systematically studied the edge peak of Ag(+) compounds to understand its origin on the basis of the molecular orbital picture and to obtain a relation of the edge peak intensity to chemical and physical quantities. The edge peak can be formally assigned to the transition from 2p to 5s enhanced by the s-d hybridization. The peak intensity has a negative correlation with a coordination charge but has a positive correlation with the strength of the covalent bond, which is in the reverse order to the other d(n) (n < 10) elements.