Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer occasionally has a poor prognosis, making prognostic risk strati cation crucial. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is involved in carcinogenesis and is regulated by alpha-arrestin domain-containing protein 3 (ARRDC3). It is also involved in the tumor microenvironment. We sought to evaluate the predictive ability of PAR1, ARRDC3, and tumorin ltrating lymphocyte (TIL) scores in patients with oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and uterine cervical cancers, serving as comparators for HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of p16, ARRDC3, and PAR1 expression was performed for 79 oropharyngeal, 44 hypopharyngeal, and 42 uterine cervical cancer samples. The TIL scores were assessed and classi ed into the following groups based on invasion: Low: 0 %-10 %, Medium: 20 %-40 %, and high: >50 %. For prognostic analysis, the three groups were evaluated by dividing them into low, medium, and high categories, or alternatively into two groups using the median value as the cutoff.Results: p16 was expressed in 44 (56 %) oropharyngeal, 8 (18 %) hypopharyngeal, and all uterine cervical cancer samples. ARRDC3 was detected in 39 (49 %) oropharyngeal, 25 (57 %) hypopharyngeal, and 23 (55 %) uterine cervical cancer samples. PAR1 was expressed in 45 (57 %) oropharyngeal, 22 (50 %) hypopharyngeal, and 22 (50 %) uterine cervical cancer samples. Patients diagnosed with p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer had a substantially improved prognosis compared to those diagnosed as p16negative cases. Compared to the p16-positive cases, the PAR1-negative cases had a considerably improved prognosis compared to the positive cases (disease-speci c survival [DSS] and -negative cases (disease-free survival [DFS]). Multivariate analysis revealed that ARRDC3-positive cases had an appreciably better DSS prognosis than patients with p16-negative oropharyngeal cancers.PAR1-positive cases among patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer had a poor prognosis. With respect to DFS, patients with PAR1positive and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer had a 35-fold higher recurrence rate than those with PAR1negative and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer.
Conclusion:Our results suggest that PAR1 expression affects the prognosis and recurrence rate of HPVassociated oropharyngeal cancer.
A process for producing one-side galvannealed steel sheet by masking coat has been developed. The functions of masking coat consisting of sodium silicate, sodium borate, magnesia, titania and alumina are in masking and repelling from molten zinc and easily exfoliating by light bending after galvannealing heat treatment. The ungalvannealed side surface has an excellent cosmetic corrosion resistance due to fine phosphate coating originating from the very small quantity of zinc deposition of several mg/m2. The galvannealed layer can be free from powdering by reducing the coating weight to as low as 20 g/m2 on one side with the aid of flame wiping and air knife. Deep drawable steel sheet can be made in a continuous galvanizing line without pre-or post-annealing by adopting an extra low carbon steel stabilized with niobium. Thus produced galvannealed steel sheet is considered to be an excellent material against both perforation and cosmetic corrosion for car body exposed panels.
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