The properties and effects of neutral pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water (NHE water) on tumor cells were examined. NHE water diminished hydroxyl radicals as demonstrated by ESR in a cell-free system. Human tongue carcinoma cells HSC-4 were inhibited for either colony formation efficiencies or colony sizes by NHE water without significant inhibition to normal human tongue epithelial-like cells DOK. Furthermore, NHE water caused growth inhibition, cell degeneration, and inhibition of invasion through the reconstituted basement membrane to human fibrosarcoma cells HT-1080. Intracellular oxidants such as hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxides were scavenged in HSC-4 or HT-1080 cells by NHE water. In the human oral cavity, a dissolved hydrogen concentrations (DH) of NHE water was drastically declined from 1.1 to 0.5 ppm, but settled to 0.3-0.4 ppm until 180 s, upon static holding without gargling. Thus, NHE water was shown to achieve tumor-preferential growth inhibition and tumor invasion together with scavenging of intracellular oxidants, and is expected as a preventive material against tumor progression and invasion.
Hydrogen-dissolved water has been suggested to be effective for alleviating the oxidative stress. In the present study, neutral-pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water (NHE-water; dissolved hydrogen: 0.90-1.14 parts per million [ppm]; oxido-reduced potential: -150 approximately -80 mV), which was prepared with a water-electrolysis apparatus equipped with a non-diaphragm cell and a highly compressed activated-carbon block, was evaluated for the mutagenic and genotoxic potentials, at concentrations up to 100% dose/plate, and for the subchronic toxicity. NHE-water did not induce reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA98 and TA1537, and Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA, in either the absence or presence of rat liver S9 for exogenous metabolic activation. Similarly, NHE-water did not induce chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (CHL/IU), in short-term (6-hour) tests, with or without rat liver S9, or in a continuous treatment (24-hour) test. To evaluate the subchronic toxicity, Crj:CD(SD) specific pathogen free (SPF)-rats were administered with NHE-water at a dose of 20 mL/kg/day for 28 days via intragastric infusion. NHE-water-related toxic changes were not seen in terms of any items such as clinical symptoms, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, necropsy, each organ weight and histopathology. Thus, the no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for NHE-water was estimated to be greater than 20 mL/kg/day under the conditions examined, demonstrating the consistency with the expected safety for a human with a body weight of 60 kg to drink the NHE-water up to at least 1.2 L/day.
A square‐wave voltammetric method for the determination of boric acid in water has been described based on the new understanding of the electrochemical behavior of boric acid‐Azomethine H complexation. Salicylaldehyde and H‐acid were used as the starting materials of boric acid‐Azomethine H complex and their concentrations were optimized for boric acid determination in water. A glassy carbon electrode, instead of a conventional mercury electrode, was used in the measurement. The detection limit of the proposed method was 0.10 mg B dm−3. The proposed method was successfully used for boric acid determination in the water from a seawater desalination RO plant.
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