We examine the effects of regional inter‐firm cooperation on firm growth by estimating the firm growth function, using the data of a questionnaire survey for three major industrial clusters in Japan, namely, Tama, Kinki and Hokkaido. We focus on the specific content of cooperative activities for two aspects: that is, three production stages of R&D, commercialization, and marketing for cooperation and different types of alliance partners. The findings for our study areas demonstrate: i) vertical cooperation, the most prevalent with suppliers and customers, does not contribute to firm growth; ii) the clusters do not enjoy “urbanization economies arising from agglomerating a variety of different industrial sectors”; iii) the alliances with “universities” and “cross‐industry exchange organizations” show positive effects on firm growth; and iv) both contributions and limitations are identified for the cluster‐promotion policies in Japan.
There is scanty information available regarding the impact of international migration on poverty levels in developing countries in South Asia. This study considered data set on remittances, poverty, education levels and government expenditure on education from seven countries in South Asia. This study revealed key findings, first, there was a statistical relationship between international migration and GDP per capita since the income inequality was a major determinant in migration. The distance between labor receiving country and the country of origin for migrants was also a major issue of concern that greatly affected international migration. There was an inverted U shaped curve between the level of a country's international immigrants and GDP per capita. The study also noted that with an increase of about 12 percent in remittances will have a direct impact on the GDP with a 2 percent decrease in poverty levels. Data was a major impediment to determine the impact of remittances from immigrants since only official information was considered. The study also noted a direct effect from international migration on the economy of developing countries since the remittances sent home to have a profound impact on the living standard of people.
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