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Nitrogen-doped carbon is coated on lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) via a simple chemical refluxing process, using ethylenediamine (EDA) as the carbon and nitrogen source. The process incorporates a carbon coating doped with a relatively high amount of nitrogen to form a conducting network on the LTO matrix. The introduction of N dopants in the carbon matrix leads to a higher density of C vacancies, resulting in improved lithium-ion diffusion. The uniform coating of nitrogen-doped carbon on Li4Ti5O12 (CN-LTO) enhances the electronic conductivity of a CN-LTO electrode and the corresponding electrochemical properties of the cell employing the electrode. The results of our study demonstrate that the CN-LTO anode exhibits higher rate capability and cycling performance over 100 cycles. From the electrochemical tests performed, the specific capacity of CN-LTO electrode at higher rates of 20 and 50 C are found to be 140.7 and 82.3 mAh g(-1), respectively. In addition, the CN-Li4Ti5O12 anode attained higher capacity retention of 100% at 1 C rate after 100 cycles and 92.9% at 10 C rate after 300 cycles.

Core-shell structured SiO 2 nanoparticles with controlled morphology were synthesized and used as functional fillers in Li + -conducting composite polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion polymer batteries. The composite polymer electrolytes prepared with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and core-shell SiO 2 (Li + ) nanoparticles exhibited high ionic conductivity, good mechanical strength and favorable interfacial characteristics. Tests run on carbon/LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 cells with composite polymer electrolyte containing optimized SiO 2 (Li + ) nanoparticles yielded excellent results in terms of capacity retention (95% after 100 cycles) and rate capability (167 mA h g À1 at 5 C rate).

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The composite polymer electrolyte layer formed by reactive SiO2 nanoparticles on the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material provided good cycling characteristics.

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