Coating Lithium Titanate with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon by Simple Refluxing for High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Nitrogen-doped carbon is coated on lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) via a simple chemical refluxing process, using ethylenediamine (EDA) as the carbon and nitrogen source. The process incorporates a carbon coating doped with a relatively high amount of nitrogen to form a conducting network on the LTO matrix. The introduction of N dopants in the carbon matrix leads to a higher density of C vacancies, resulting in improved lithium-ion diffusion. The uniform coating of nitrogen-doped carbon on Li4Ti5O12 (CN-LTO) enhances the electronic conductivity of a CN-LTO electrode and the corresponding electrochemical properties of the cell employing the electrode. The results of our study demonstrate that the CN-LTO anode exhibits higher rate capability and cycling performance over 100 cycles. From the electrochemical tests performed, the specific capacity of CN-LTO electrode at higher rates of 20 and 50 C are found to be 140.7 and 82.3 mAh g(-1), respectively. In addition, the CN-Li4Ti5O12 anode attained higher capacity retention of 100% at 1 C rate after 100 cycles and 92.9% at 10 C rate after 300 cycles.

Eco-friendly nitrogen-containing carbon encapsulated LiMn2O4 cathodes to enhance the electrochemical properties in rechargeable Li-ion batteries

“…The peaks located at 284.1 eV, 285.2 eV, 286.1 eV and 288.3 eV corresponding to sp 2 , sp 3 hybridized carbon, C-N and C=O, respectively 37 . Figure 3d gives a high-resolution view of the N1s peak, which comprised contributions by pyridinic and pyrrolic N 38 ; the binding energies of 398.2 eV, 398.7 eV, and 400.2 eV respectively correspond to pyridinic, graphitic, and pyrrolic N. The presence of such N groups at the graphite edges can generate vacancies in the carbon matrix; these vacancies will increase the diffusion speed of Li-ions 13 .…”

“…Among them, coating is a facile way to improve LMO’s innate properties 10 11 12 . Specifically, carbon coating has received the most attention because the carbon itself can provide a continuous electron pathway through the coating, allowing the particles to remain electrically conductive 13 . Moreover, coating of carbon or carbon-like materials on LMO has actually enhanced its electrochemical properties.…”

Valence‐Tuned Lithium Titanate Nanopowder for High‐Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage

“… Rate performance (based on electrode mass) (A) including a comparison to literature (B), electrochemical cycling stability (C) and Coulombic efficiency at charging/discharging rates (D) of 10C of electrodes containing modified LTO. The literature values were converted to electrode mass with active mass capacities and electrode composition stated in the respective references (Dong‐1, Dong‐2, Jia, Jung, Kim, Li, Long, Naoi, Ni, Nie, Qiu, Shen‐1, Shen‐2, Wang, Yu).…”

Synthesis of Spherical Silver-coated Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material by a Sol-Gel-assisted Hydrothermal Method

“…Therefore, to develop substitute materials to meet the demands of the safety of the large-scale storage, great efforts have been made [4]. Cube spinel lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) materials, the anode materials of Li-ion batteries, have been become a promising material because of their zero-strain structural characteristic during the intercalation and deintercalation process of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 [5][6][7][8][9]. This material has a platform lithium insertion and extraction voltage of~1.55 V (vs. Li/ Li + ), avoiding the formation of lithium-consuming solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films, which should be beneficial for enhancing safety and good cycling of the LIBs.…”