We attempted to increase the fibrinolytic activity and aglycone contents of isoflavone in doenjang prepared with Bacillus sp. KH-15. An initial rapid increase of viable cells was observed in the first 30 days followed by a gradual decrease to 1.78 · 10 8 CFU g )1 wet weight. The amino type nitrogen sharply was increased after 15 days, and showed the highest level (788.7 mg%) after 90 days. The total nitrogen was increased from 2.21% to 2.52% of final content after 90 days. Soluble carbohydrate was increased to 32.9 mg g )1 for 60 days, and after 60 days, the content was slowly decreased to 29.5 mg g )1 . A rapid increase in fibrinolytic and caseinolytic activities were observed in the first 30 and 45 days of fermentation followed by a gradual decrease to 2.54 and 144.5 U g )1 , respectively. b-Glucosidase activity also showed a similar change pattern of the caseinolytic and fibrinoytic activities. Daidzein and genistein were increased to the maximum level of 764.5 and 561.4 mg kg )1 at day 30, respectively. At day 90, the contents of daidzein and genistein were 661.5 and 524.9 mg kg )1 , respectively. The rats were fed a diet supplemented with either doenjang powder prepared with Bacillus sp. KH-15 (D-1 group) or commercial doenjang powder (D-2 group) for 40 days. The level of serum total isoflavones in the D-1 group was significantly higher than that in the D-2 group.

No abstract

In this study, flatfish byproducts were hydrolyzed by Protamex at high hydrostatic pressure and glycosylated with ribose to utilize the protein of flatfish byproducts as a nutraceutical. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of glycosylated fish byproduct protein hydrolysate (GFPH) and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms were elucidated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage. The results showed that GFPH suppresses LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dose-dependently. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit clearly demonstrated that GFPH significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as, interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Moreover, GFPH reduced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of GFPH on LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production might be due to the suppression of the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Therefore, these results suggest that flatfish byproducts are latent bioactive resources and GFPH may have potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

Correction for 'The anti-inflammatory effect of a glycosylation product derived from the high hydrostatic pressure enzymatic hydrolysate of a flatfish byproduct' by In-Hu Choe, et al., Food Funct., 2016, 7, 2557-2565.