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The major polyphenols in PG, particularly catechin, play a significant role in its photoprotective effects on UVB-induced skin damage.

For treatment of acne vulgaris, use of KRTE combined with acupuncture is recommended for inflammatory lesions and KRTE only is recommended for noninflammatory lesions. Further large-scale trials assuming a higher dropout rate and aimed at confirming the ability of KRTE and acupuncture to improve inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in patients with acne are needed.

Ultraviolet (UV) light is a physical carcinogen, and UV irradiation from sunlight has negative effects on human skin. UVB-induced inflammation is linked to excessive induction of various inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in many types of cells, including keratinocytes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of water extract of Zingiber officinale, gingerol, and shogaol on UVB-induced skin damage in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and C57BL/6 mice. To test for an effective compound to protect against inflammation in UV-damaged skin, we prepared a water extract of ginger rhizomes and examined the effects of Z. officinale, gingerol, and shogaol on cell viability and cytokine/chemokine production in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells. We also investigated the in vivo relevance of these findings in C57BL/6 mice using hematoxylin and eosin staining and cytokine measurements. A water extract of Z. officinale, gingerol, and shogaol inhibited production of cytokines in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells effectively. Treatment with Z. officinale attenuated UVB-induced hyperplasia, infiltration of leukocytes, and dilation of blood vessels in the dermis of mice. Z. officinale, gingerol, and shogaol show potential as anti-inflammatory agents to protect skin against UVB irradiation damage.

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