Simultaneous polymerization of dopamine and hydrolysis of commercial γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane can endow membranes with exceptional wettability towards harsh water treatment.
Summary
Systemic metabolic homeostasis is regulated by inter-organ metabolic cycles involving multiple organs. Obesity impairs inter-organ metabolic cycles, resulting in metabolic diseases. The systemic landscape of dysregulated inter-organ metabolic cycles in obesity has yet to be explored. Here, we measured the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome in the liver and skeletal muscle and the metabolome in blood of fasted wild-type and leptin-deficient obese (
ob
/
ob
) mice, identifying components with differential abundance and differential regulation in
ob
/
ob
mice. By constructing and evaluating the trans-omic network controlling the differences in metabolic reactions between fasted wild-type and
ob
/
ob
mice, we provided potential mechanisms of the obesity-associated dysfunctions of metabolic cycles between liver and skeletal muscle involving glucose-alanine, glucose-lactate, and ketone bodies. Our study revealed obesity-associated systemic pathological mechanisms of dysfunction of inter-organ metabolic cycles.
When considering energy consumption and environmental issues, solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) based on polymeric materials emerges as a process for substituting conventional separation processes of organic solutions, such as distillation, which consume high amounts of energy. Because SRNF does not involve phase transition, this process can potentially decrease the energy consumption and solvent waste and increase the yield of active components. Such improvements could significantly benefit a number of fields, such as pharmaceutical manufacturing and catalysis recovery, among others. Therefore, SRNF has gained a lot of attention since the recent introduction of solvent-stable polymeric materials in the manufacture of nanofiltration membranes. The membrane materials and the membrane structures depending on the fabrication methods determine the separation performance of polymeric SRNF membranes. Therefore, this article gives a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-art technologies of generating membrane materials and corresponding fabrication methods for SRNF membranes made from polymeric materials expected to provide the most benefit. The transport mechanisms and the corresponding models of SRNF membranes in organic media are also reviewed to better understand the mass transfer process. Various SRNF applications, such as in pharmaceutical and catalyst, among others, are also discussed. Finally, the difficulties and future research directions to overcome the challenges faced by SRNF processes are proposed. C
ABSTRACT:The influences of nano-particles (nanosized CaCO 3 and nano-sized SiO 2 ) on plasticizers volatility, solvent extraction stability, and exudation stability of flexible PVC were studied. The results showed that nanoparticles could reduce migration of plasticizers, thus improved the ability of anti-migration of flexible PVC.Further more, nano-sized SiO 2 shows excellent property than nano-sized CaCO 3 in resistance migration of plasticizers.
The carnitine shuttle system (CSS) plays a crucial role in the transportation of fatty acyls during fatty acid β‐oxidation for energy supplementation, especially in cases of high energy demand, such as in cancer. In this study, to systematically characterize alterations of the CSS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), acylcarnitine metabolic profiling was carried out on 80 pairs of HCC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANTs) by using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Twenty‐four acylcarnitines classified into five categories were identified and characterized between HCCs and ANTs. Notably, increased saturated long‐chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) and decreased short‐ and medium‐chain acylcarnitines (S/MCACs) were simultaneously observed in HCC samples. Subsequent correlation network and heatmap analysis indicated low correlations between LCACs and S/MCACs. The mRNA and protein expressions of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) was significantly downregulated in HCC samples, whereas CPT1A expression was not significantly changed. Correspondingly, the relative levels of S/MCACs were reduced and those of LCACs were increased in BEL‐7402/CPT2‐knockdown cells compared to negative controls. Both results suggested that decreased shuttling efficiency in HCC might be associated with downregulation of CPT2. In addition, decreases in the mRNA expression of acetyl‐CoA acyltransferase 2 were also observed in HCC tissues and BEL‐7402/CPT2‐knockdown cells, suggesting potential low β‐oxidation efficiency, which was consistent with the increased expression of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 in both samples. The systematic strategy applied in our study illustrated decreased shuttling efficiency of the carnitine shuttle system in HCC and can provide biologists with an in‐depth understanding of β‐oxidation in HCC.
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