Abstract-Layered video coding creates multiple layers of unequal importance, which enables us to progressively refine the reconstructed video quality. When the base layer (BL) is corrupted or lost during transmission, the enhancement layers (ELs) must be dropped, regardless whether they are perfectly decoded or not, which implies that the transmission power assigned to the ELs is wasted. In this treatise, we propose an interlayer forward error correction (FEC) coded video transmission scheme for mobile TV. At the transmitter, the proposed interlayer (IL) coding technique implants the systematic information of the BL into the ELs by using exclusive-OR operations. At the receiver, the implanted bits of the ELs may be utilized for assisting in decoding the BL. Furthermore, the data partition mode of H.264 video coding is utilized as the source encoder, where the type B and type C partitions will assist in protecting the type A partition. The IL coded bitstream will then be modulated and transmitted over a multi-functional multiple-input multiple output (MF-MIMO) scheme for the sake of improving the system's performance in mobile environments. The proposed system may be readily combined with the traditional unequal error protection (UEP) technique, where extrinsic mutual information (MI) measurements are used for characterizing the performance of our proposed technique. Finally, our simulation results show that the proposed system model outperforms the traditional UEP aided system by about 2.5 dB of E b /N0 or 3.4 dB of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at the cost of 21% complexity increase, when employing a recursive systematic convolutional code. Furthermore, unlike the traditional UEP strategies, where typically stronger FEC-protection is assigned to the more important layer, employing our proposed IL coding technique requires weaker FEC to the more important layer. For example, the system relying on channel coding rates of 0.85, 0.44 and 0.44 for the type A, type B and type C H.264 video partitions, respectively, achieves the best system performance when employing a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code.

Abstract-Layered video coding is capable of progressively refining the reconstructed video quality with the aid of multiple layers of unequal importance. When the base layer (BL) is corrupted or lost due to channel impairments, the enhancement layers (ELs) must be discarded by the video decoder, regardless whether they are perfectly decoded or not, which implies that the transmission power assigned to the ELs is wasted. To circumvent this problem, we proposed a bit-level inter-layer forward error correction (IL-FEC) scheme for layered video transmission in our previous work, which implanted the systematic bits of the BL into the systematic bits of the ELs using exclusive-OR operations (XOR). This allowed the receiver to exploit the implanted bits of the ELs for assisting the BL's decoding and hence improved the overall system performance of our IL-FEC aided layered video scheme. In this treatise, we find the specific FEC coding rates in a real-time on-line fashion for the sake optimizing the overall system performance. The proposed procedure is widely applicable to diverse wireless transceivers and FEC codecs. Our simulation results show that the proposed optimized IL-FEC system outperforms the traditional optimal UEP by about 1.9 dB of E b /N0 at a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 38 dB. Viewing the improvements in terms of the video quality, 3.3 dB of PSNR improvement is attained at an E b /N0 of 10 dB, when employing a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code.

Abstract-Layered video coding creates multiple layers of unequal importance, which enables us to progressively refine the reconstructed video quality. When the base layer (BL) is corrupted or lost during transmission, the enhancement layers (ELs) must be dropped, regardless whether they are perfectly decoded or not, which implies that the transmission power assigned to the ELs is wasted. For the sake of combating this problem, the class of inter-layer forward error correction (IL-FEC) solutions, also referred to as layer-aware FEC (LA-FEC 1 ), has been proposed for layered video transmissions, which jointly encode the BL and the ELs, thereby protecting the BL using the ELs. This tutorial aims for inspiring further research on IL-FEC/LA-FEC techniques, with special emphasis on the family of soft-decoded bit-level IL-FEC schemes.

Abstract-An energy-efficient indoor visible light communication (VLC) system relying on dynamic user-centric (UC) cluster formation is designed for scalable video streaming. Explicitly, the radically new UC cluster formation technique is based on an amorphous user-to-network association structure, which is ultimately the basis of our energy-efficient indoor VLC system. Furthermore, in order to optimise the system-level energy efficiency, our objective function is selected by jointly considering both the video quality and the power consumption. We then propose a 3-tier dynamic-programming-based algorithm for user/layer-level adaptive modulation mode assignment, for access-point-level power allocation and for cluster-level energy efficiency optimisation, respectively. Based on a scalable video coded sequence, our simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our UC clusters compared to the conventional cell design in terms of its energy efficiency, throughput as well as video quality in most of the scenarios considered.

Low-complexity uncompressed video transmission meets the requirements of home networking and quality/ delay-sensitive medical applications. Hence, it has attracted research attention in recent years. The redundancy inherent in the uncompressed video signals may be exploited by joint source-channel decoding to improve the attainable error resilience. Hence, in this treatise, we study the application of iterative joint source-channel decoding aided uncompressed video transmission, where correlation inherent in the video signals is modeled by a first-order Markov process. First, we propose a spatiotemporal joint source-channel decoding system using a recursive systematic convolutional codec, where both the horizontal and vertical intraframe correlations, as well as the interframe correlations, are exploited by the receiver, hence relying on 3-D information exchange. This scheme may be combined with arbitrary channel codecs. Then, we analyze the three-stage decoder's convergence behavior using 3-D extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. Finally, we benchmark the attainable system performance against a couple of video communication systems, including our previously proposed 2-D scheme, where only intraframe correlations were exploited without invoking a channel codec. Our simulation results show that substantial E b /N 0 improvements are attainable by the proposed technique.Index Terms-Iterative detection, joint source and channel coding, spatio-temporal video processing, video telephony, wireless video communication.