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This paper studies the fundamental determinants of crosscountry di¤erences in …nancial development. Two prominent tools for addressing model uncertainty, Bayesian Model Averaging and Generalto-speci…c approaches, are jointly applied to investigate the …nancial development e¤ects of a wide range of variables taken from various sources. The analysis suggests that the level of …nancial development in a country is determined by its institutional quality, macroeconomic policies, and geographic characteristics, as well as the level of income and cultural characteristics.

A novel lncRNA, lncRNA-IFI6, regulates antiviral innate immunity in the JFH1 HCV infection model. lncRNA-IFI6 regulates HCV infection independently of the JAK-STAT pathway. lncRNA-IFI6 exerts its regulatory function via promoter activation and histone modification of IFI6 through its spatial domain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Goats (Capra hircus) are one of the oldest livestock domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair and skins over much of the world. Detection of selection footprints in genomic regions can provide potential insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of specific phenotypic traits and better guide in animal breeding. The study presented here has generated 192.747G raw data and identified more than 5.03 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 334,151 Indels (insertions and deletions). In addition, we identified 155 and 294 candidate regions harboring 86 and 97 genes based on allele frequency differences in Dazu black goats (DBG) and Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMCG), respectively. Populations differentiation reflected by Fst values detected 368 putative selective sweep regions including 164 genes. The top 1% regions of both low heterozygosity and high genetic differentiation contained 239 (135 genes) and 176 (106 genes) candidate regions in DBG and IMCG, respectively. These genes were related to reproductive and productive traits, such as “neurohypophyseal hormone activity” and “adipocytokine signaling pathway”. These findings may be conducive to molecular breeding and the long-term preservation of the valuable genetic resources for this species.

Using recently developed panel data techniques on data for 43 developing countries over the period 1970-98, this paper provides an exhaustive analysis of causality between aggregate private investment and …nancial development. GMM estimation on averaged data, and a common factor approach on annual data allowing for global interdependence and heterogeneity across countries suggest positive causal effects going in both directions. The …nding has rich implications for the development of …nancial markets and the conduct of macroeconomic policies in developing countries in an integrated global economy.