The surface treatment of aramid fiber (AF) improved the properties of reinforced composites. However, many AF modification methods were difficult to apply to the mass production of reinforced composites due to drawbacks, such as processes that were complex and not environmentally friendly. This paper described three simple and environmentally friendly methods for AF surface treatment and their effects on the properties of reinforced aramid fiber/carbon black/butadiene benzene ethylene rubber (AF/CB/SBR) composites. The AF was treated by thermal oxidation and coated with butadiene‐styrene‐pyridine rubber latex (VPL) or maleated polybutadiene liquid rubber. Then, AF/CB/SBR composites were produced when the modified AF was introduced into the SBR matrix. The results showed that compared with that of the composite with untreated AF, the interfacial bonding between the modified AF and the rubber matrix was improved, especially for tensile modulus elongations of 100% and 300%, and the tear strength of the composites was enhanced. Compared with those for the rubber composites with the AF treated by thermal oxidation, the mechanical properties of the rubber composites with the coated AF showed a greater improvement, but the heat generation was higher. Moreover, the thermal oxidation method not only improved the constant elongation stress and tear strength but also reduced the heat generation of the materials.
The manufacture of green tires with low heat build‐up has attracted extensive attention. Furthermore, the trouble to solve the problem of rubber failure caused by tires dynamic heat build‐up is a great challenge faced by the automotive tire industry. In this article, a method of preparing styrene butadiene rubber/carbon black/aramid pulp‐natural rubber latex (SBR/CB/AP‐NRL) composites was described in detail, which used AP coated with NRL to fill SBR/CB. A flexible interface layer was constructed between fibers and rubber matrix, making for forming a large specific surface area of the NRL. The mechanism of reducing heat build‐up of the rubber composite through “deforming transformation” in the flexible interface layer was discussed. In addition, the NRL interface layer contributed to the dispersion of the AP in the rubber matrix and the good interfacial bonding between AP and the rubber matrix. In the experiment of replacing a part of CB with a certain content of AP‐NRL, it was found that the temperature rise of the rubber composites decreased by 8.33% with 1 phr modified AP replacing 5 phr CB. The strategy of reducing dynamic heat build‐up of rubber composite provides a new idea for the development of green tire.
Recently, the loss-of-function, heterozygous, and de novo mutations of the CTNNB1 gene have been proven to be partially responsible for intellectual disability in some patients. Herein, we report two unrelated children with neurodevelopmental disorder, abnormal facial features, speech impairments, microcephaly, and dystonia. Based on whole exome sequencing (WES), two new heterozygous and pathogenic mutations in exon 10 (c.1586dupA:p.Q530Afs*42) and exon 4 (c.257dup:p.Y86*) were identified in the CTNNB1 gene for the first time. These findings not only enrich the genetic spectrum of the CTNNB1 gene but also provide evidence for its role in neuronal development.
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