A case of multiple extracanal invasive resorption is reported. The patient had a history of hypothyroidism for approximately 1 yr before the dental visit. Utilization of computed tomography and a rapid prototyping tooth model in diagnosing the exact location and the size of the resorption area are discussed.

Motivated by recent field observations of tsunamis, a new wave maker, namely bottom-tilting wave maker, has been designed and investigated in order to generate very long waves in the laboratory. Theoretical results from the linear wave theory and the numerical modelling based on the weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive wave theory show good agreement with the measurements. Using both theoretical and experimental results, the relation between the bottom motion and the resulting waves have been investigated. Wave amplitude and period of the generated waves are the subject of the parametric analysis, which verifies that the wave maker is able to generate waves longer than the effective wavelength of the solitary wave with the same wave amplitude.

Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and taste and odor problems in drinking water are a sensitive issue in municipal water treatment plants. This study investigated the effectiveness of ozone (O3) + granular activated carbon (GAC), O3 + hydroperoxide (H2O2) + GAC, and GAC processes using a pilot scale plant to remove NOM and geosmin (50–1,000 ng/L), and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB: 50–300 ng/L). In the O3 + GAC process, NOM-related parameters showed an average of 52% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from 2 mg/L DOC influent, 99.3% haloacetic acids (HAAs) removal from 0.097 mg/L HAAs influent, and 100% removal from 0.05 mg/L bromide influent. Taste and odor removal rates were 94–100% for geosmin and 87–100% for 2-MIB. The O3 + H2O2 + GAC process removed an average of 55% DOC, 99.7% HAAs, 100% bromate, 94–100% geosmin, and 93–100% 2-MIB. The GAC process removed 46% DOC, 98.3% HAAs, 100% bromate, 83–100% geosmin, and 81–100% 2-MIB. Based on a comparison of the efficiencies and an economic analysis, the O3 + H2O2 + GAC process was determined to be the optimal system for removing NOM and taste and odor compounds.

In order to generate very long waves in laboratory, a bottom-tilting wave maker is designed and used at the University of Dundee. This new type of wave maker can produce waves longer than solitary wavesin terms of the effective wavelength, which provides better long wave model. Nonlinear and dispersive numerical models are built for modelling the wave tank. A shock-capturing finite volume scheme with high-order reconstruction method is used to solve the governing equations. By comparing to the experimental measurements, the numerical models are verified and able to approximate the resulting waves in the wave tank.

This paper proposes a sediment-transport model based on coupled Saint-Venant and Exner equations. A finite volume method of Godunov type with predictor-corrector steps is used to solve a set of coupled equations. An efficient combination of approximate Riemann solvers is proposed to compute fluxes associated with sediment-laden flow. In addition, a new method is proposed for computing the water depth and velocity values along the shear wave. This method ensures smooth solutions, even for flows with high discontinuities, and on domains with highly distorted grids. The numerical model is tested for channel aggradation on a sloping bottom, dam-break cases at flume-scale and reach-scale with flat bottom configurations and varying downstream water depths. The proposed model is tested for predicting the position of hydraulic jump, wave front propagation, and for predicting magnitude of bed erosion. The comparison between results based on the proposed scheme and analytical, experimental, and published numerical results shows good agreement. Sensitivity analysis shows that the model is computationally efficient and virtually independent of mesh refinement.

A combination of a deterministic approach and fragility analysis is applied to assess tsunami damage caused to buildings. The area selected to validate the model is Imwon Port in Korea. The deterministic approach includes numerical modeling of tsunami propagation in the East Sea following an earthquake on the western coast of Japan. The model is based on the linear shallow-water equations (LSWE) augmented with Boussinesq approximation to account for dispersion effects in wave propagation, and coastal wave run-up is modeled by non-linear shallow-water equations (NLSWE). The output from the deterministic model comprises inundation depth. The numerical output is used to perform fragility analysis for buildings vulnerable to flooding by tsunamis in the port area. Recently developed fragility curves-based on the ordinal regression method-are used for damage probability estimates. The extent of structural damage in the areas under a tsunami hazard is identified by the numerical modeling of tsunami features. Our numerical model offers high bathymetric resolution, which enables us to capture flow features at the individual structure level and results in improved estimation of damage probability. This approach can serve as a measure of assessing structure vulnerability for areas with little or no records of tsunami damage and provide planners with a better understanding of structure behavior when a tsunami strikes.

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