Building Damage Assessment Using Scenario Based Tsunami Numerical Analysis and Fragility Curves

Abstract

A combination of a deterministic approach and fragility analysis is applied to assess tsunami damage caused to buildings. The area selected to validate the model is Imwon Port in Korea. The deterministic approach includes numerical modeling of tsunami propagation in the East Sea following an earthquake on the western coast of Japan. The model is based on the linear shallow-water equations (LSWE) augmented with Boussinesq approximation to account for dispersion effects in wave propagation, and coastal wave run-up is modeled by non-linear shallow-water equations (NLSWE). The output from the deterministic model comprises inundation depth. The numerical output is used to perform fragility analysis for buildings vulnerable to flooding by tsunamis in the port area. Recently developed fragility curves-based on the ordinal regression method-are used for damage probability estimates. The extent of structural damage in the areas under a tsunami hazard is identified by the numerical modeling of tsunami features. Our numerical model offers high bathymetric resolution, which enables us to capture flow features at the individual structure level and results in improved estimation of damage probability. This approach can serve as a measure of assessing structure vulnerability for areas with little or no records of tsunami damage and provide planners with a better understanding of structure behavior when a tsunami strikes.

Preparedness of Tsunami Disaster in Pandeglang Region Due to The Activity of Mount Krakatau

“…Building damage by the remote survey is mostly classified into two main conditions, safe or collapse, depending on the condition of the roof of the building. The post-tsunami field survey classified the level of damage into 4 to 6 classes depending on the level of damage and the part of the building that was damaged [10]. Four statuses of damage (minor, moderate, major, and complete) are used to describe damage to windows up to columns [11].…”

Numerical and Probabilistic Study on the Optimal Region for Tsunami Detection Instrument Deployment in the Eastern Sea of Korea

“…Potential tsunami scenarios are used to design future tsunami observation instruments [3], and both numerical modeling and potential tsunami scenarios are required to determine the optimal tsunami instrument deployment [3]. In this study, we used 39 potential tsunami scenarios in which all sources are near the west coast of Japan [9][10][11]. To figure out the optimal region for tsunami observation instrumentation, this study only focused on the potential tsunami scenarios that can affect the east coast of Korea and used in previous studies.…”

Minimal Building Flood Fragility and Loss Function Portfolio for Resilience Analysis at the Community Level

“…Risk-informed decisions require uncertainty propagation across the whole risk model (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) to define the safety margins for buildings [37] and characterize the community functionality based on these margins [38]. Over the last decade, fragility analysis methods have proven to be a reliable vulnerability analysis approach [39][40][41][42][43][44] and a useful tool to drive resilience-based decisions at the community-level [45,46]. Flood risk analysis would benefit from a parallel shift toward resilience-based decision-making with the application of fragility functions at the community level.…”

“…Although flood depth is considered the main damaging flood hazard characteristic that has been widely used to assess flood damage in the literature [12,17,[50][51][52][53], the inclusion of other flood damaging characteristics would increase the accuracy of the flood damage model [54]. Flood damage from coastal flooding resulting from hurricanes and tsunamis has been extensively investigated in the literature in terms of developing fragility functions to model the impact of flood depth and flood velocity on buildings' structural systems [43,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. However, fragility functions for flood damage induced by fluvial and pluvial flooding are scarce and there are no flood fragility portfolios that can be used to represent a community-level building stock.…”