Cleistogamy is the self-pollination within closed spikelets and is expected to be a useful genetic tool for prevention of possible gene transfer in transgenic crops, for maintenance of genetic purity in autogamous crops, and for increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Mapping of the gene ld(t), which is responsible for lack of lodicules inside spikelets and causes cleistogamy, was carried out using F2 and F3 populations derived from a cleistogamous (CL) mutant CL-SNU x Milyang 23 cross. A number of STS markers along chromosomes were developed and bulked segregant analysis was adopted for preliminary mapping. The results showed that the ld(t) was located at the end region of chromosome 1L, flanked by S01178b (an STS marker developed for the locus at 178 cM based on the rice genetic map reported by Japanese Rice Genome Project) at 0.8 cM and co-segregated with S01181a and S01181b (an STS marker developed for the locus at 181 cM).
Producing good-quality, fine rice flour is more difficult than wheat flour because the rice grain is harder. The non-glutinous -type variety Seolgaeng, derived from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) mutagenesis, and four other varieties, representing a range of amylose contents, were evaluated in this study. Dry-milled Seolgaeng rice flour exhibited an average particle size that is<70 μm, a more uniform particle-size proportion than other varieties. Moreover, we noted significant differences in the damaged starch content in flour from Seolgaeng compared to the other varieties (<0.05). Seolgaeng flour showed a round starch structure, which would lead to better friability, finer particle size, and less damage to the endosperm during dry milling. Indeed, among all varieties evaluated in this study, dry-milled Seolgaeng flour had the finest particle size (averaging <70 μm) and exhibited less damaged starch. With its round starch granules, Seolgaeng is a suitable candidate for drymilled rice flour.
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Eating and cooking qualities are the most important trait in japonica rice breeding program. In this study, we performed genetic analysis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to eating quality using 182 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two japonica cultivars, 'Ilpumbyeo' and 'Moroberekan'. Parameters for eating quality being investigated include alkali digestive value (ADV) and amylose content (AC) for physico-chemical properties, glossiness of cooked rice (GCR), and six paste viscosity properties, peak viscosity (PV), hot-paste viscosity (HPV), cool-paste viscosity (CPV), breakdown (BD), setback (SB), and consistency viscosity (CSV) in RILs. This study revealed 28 QTLs on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Two QTL regions on chromosomes 3 and 6 were clustered with QTLs for physico-chemical property, GCR, and paste viscosity. The QTL loci for ADV, AC, GCR, PV, HPV, CPV, BD, SB, and CSV of paste viscosity properties in wx locus on chromosome 6 are the most important region for improving the texture of cooked rice. Three QTLs for PV, BD, and SB were detected on chromosome 9. PV and BD were highly positively correlated while SB showed high negative correlation with PV and BD. The QTLs for PV, BD, and SB are important to develop high eating quality rice lines of delayed retrogradation of cooked rice. Seven QTL-NILs substituted with Ilpumbyeo genetic background in most loci except for qLB4.2 for leaf blast resistance from Moroberekan allele, are expected to improve cooking and eating quality in japonica rice.
Advances in plant molecular techniques have dramatically widened the applicability of gene identification and pyramiding valuable genes. This study was carried out to pyramid five resistance genes for biotic stress into the japonica rice cultivar using marker-assisted selection (MAS) and marker-assisted background analysis of selected progenies using SSR markers. The Pi40, Xa4, xa5, Xa21 and Bph18 genes were combined in Jinbubyeo, a Korean japonica rice variety using MAS. Gene specific co-dominant PCR-based markers were used to select for homozygous recombinant lines in a segregating population derived from a cross between the parental homozygous resistant gene introgression lines. We had successfully developed multiple gene pyramided breeding lines (GPLs) for bacterial blight, blast, and brown planthopper using MAS in rice. The GPLs exhibited high resistance against biotic stress and had around 93% of the genetic background of the recurrent parent Jinbubyeo based on SSR graphical mapping. The yield and agronomic traits of the GPLs were similar to those of the recurrent parent, indicating that there is no apparent agronomic trait penalty associated with the presence of the resistance genes. The strategy of simultaneous foreground and phenotypic selection to introduce multiple R genes is very useful to reduce the cost and the time required for the isolation of desirable recombinants with target resistance genes in rice. The GPLs could be useful to enhance effective resistance for biotic stress and produce stable grain yield in japonica rice breeding programs.
The 'Hangaru' is a rice variety derived from a cross between 'Seolgaeng', which is suitable for making rice wine, and 'Daeripbyeo1', which has a heavy grain weight (34.8g) and is suitable for deep fried rice, by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, in 2017. The heading date of 'Hangaru' was August 18 and was 10 days later than check variety, 'Hwaseong', in Suwon. It had a culm length of 79 cm and 102 spikelets per panicle, and showed similar tolerance to 'Hwaseong' when exposed to cold stress. 'Hangaru' showed medium resistance to blast disease, but susceptibility to bacterial blight, viruses and brown planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited an opaque and non-glutinous endosperm. The 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was 32.9 g, which was 10.8 g heavier than that of 'Hwaseong'; the protein content was 7.0% and the amylose content (19.2%) was similar to that of 'Hwaseong'. The milled rice recovery rate was lower than that of 'Hwaseong'. However, opaque grain percentage of milled rice was 88.1%. The hardness of the rice grain was soft and the starch granule shape in the endosperm was round, similar to wheat. The average size of rice flour was 71.0 µm and the damaged starch rate was 6.4%. These results showed that this variety could be suitable for dry milling rice flour production. 'Hangaru' had a yield of 5.42 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation, which was 99% of that of 'Hwaseong'. 'Hangaru' was adaptable to the middle plain area and Mid-west coast of Korea (Registration No. 7270). This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 서 언 최근 서구화된 식생활 변화 및 간편식을 선호하는 소비 양상의 변화로 쌀 소비량은 지속적인 감소를 보여 2018년 연간 1인당 쌀소비량은 61.0 kg이었고(KOSTAT 2019), 연말 재고량이 154 만톤에 달하였다. 쌀 소비량을 늘릴 수 있는 방안으로 쌀 가공산 업 활성화가 이루어져야 하는데 아직 우리나라 쌀 가공업체는 영세하고, 밀에 비해 원료곡 가격 및 제분 비용이 높으며 제분 기술 등의 기반이 취약한 상황이다. 쌀가루는 습식, 반습식 및 건식의 제분방법에 의해 제조되는데, 고운 쌀가루를 제조하면서 손상전분을 줄일 수 있는 방법이 습식제분이다(Chiang & Yeh 2002). 그러나 습식 제분은 유통기간이 짧고 제조공정이 복잡하 여 가공비용이 높은 단점이 있어(Yeh 2004) 최근 개발된 기류식 제분기를 사용한 건식 제분 방법이 대안으로 검토되고 있다. 본 논문은 배유가 밀과 같은 형태의 연질이면서 전분구조가 둥근 형태를 가지고 있고, 건식쌀가루 품질이 우수한 건식제분 전용 신품종 '한가루'를 개발하였기에 품종의 육성 경위 및 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 재배방법 및 농업특성 조사 본 시험은 '수원594호'를 2015~2016년 2년간 보통기에 중부 평야지 5개 지역과 호남평야지 1개 지역에서 '화성'을 대비품종
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