Particulate matter (PM) pollutants, including nanoscale particles (NPs), have been considered serious threats to public health. In this work, a self-powered air filter that can be used in high-efficiency removal of PM, including NPs, is presented. An ionic liquid-polymer (ILP) composite is irregularly distributed onto a sponge network to form an ILP@MF filter. Enabled by its unique electrochemical properties, the ILP@MF filter can remove PM 2.5 and PM 10 with high efficiencies of 99.59% and 99.75%, respectively, after applying a low voltage. More importantly, the charged ILP@MF filter realizes a superior removal for NPs with an efficiency of 93.77%. A micro-button lithium cell or silicon-based solar panel is employed as a power supply platform to fabricate a portable and self-powered face mask, which exhibits excellent efficacy in particulate removal compared to commercial masks. This work shows a great promise for high-performance purification devices and facile mask production to remove particulate pollutants.
Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) beacons-based indoor positioning is a promising method for indoor positioning, especially in applications of position-based services (PbS). It has low deployment cost and it is suitable for a wide range of mobile devices. Existing BLE beacon-based positioning methods can be categorized as range-based methods and fingerprinting-based methods. For range-based methods, the positions of the beacons should be known before positioning. For fingerprinting-based methods, a pre-requisite is the reference fingerprinting map (RFM). Many existing methods focus on how to perform the positioning assuming the beacon positions or RFM are known. However, in practical applications, determining the beacon positions or RFM in the indoor environment is normally a difficult task. This paper proposed an efficient and graph optimization-based way for estimating the beacon positions and the RFM, which combines the range-based method and the fingerprinting-based method. The method exists without need for any dedicated surveying instruments. A user equipped with a BLE-enabled mobile device walks in the region collecting inertial readings and BLE received signal strength indication (RSSI) readings. The inertial measurements are processed through the pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) method to generate the constraints at adjacent poses. In addition, the BLE fingerprints are adopted to generate constraints between poses (with similar fingerprints) and the RSSIs are adopted to generate distance constraints between the poses and the beacon positions (according to a pre-defined path-loss model). The constraints are then adopted to form a cost function with a least square structure. By minimizing the cost function, the optimal user poses at different times and the beacon positions are estimated. In addition, the RFM can be generated through the pose estimations. Experiments are carried out, which validates that the proposed method for estimating the pre-requisites (including beacon positions and the RFM). These estimated pre-requisites are of sufficient quality for both range-based and fingerprinting-based positioning.
As an essential way to promote ecological civilization, green finance is attracting wide attention. However, whether green finance can effectivelysuccessfully regulate the green technology innovation effect of heterogeneous environmental regulations and boost green technology innovation in coordination with heterogeneous environmental regulations remains unclear. Based on the re-measurement of the green finance development index of various provinces and cities in China, this study uses the spatial Durbin model to test the above problems empirically. The results show that green finance and “market incentive” environmental regulations can promote regional green technology innovation, while “command and control” environmental regulations inhibit regional green technology innovation. Green finance plays a negative regulatory role in the mechanism of heterogeneous environmental regulations affecting green technology innovation. Green finance alleviates the negative impact of “command and control” environmental regulations on green technology innovation and weakens the positive impact of “market-incentive” environmental regulations on green technology innovation. In terms of spillover effects, green finance can effectively promote green technology innovation in neighboring regions, while heterogeneous environmental regulations have a crowding-out effect on green technology innovation in neighboring regions.
NiP nanoglass consisting of nanometer-sized amorphous grains separated by amorphous interfaces was prepared by a specially designed multi-phase pulsed electrodeposition technique. The microstructure of the deposited NiP nanoglass was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The formation of the NiP nanoglass, which is characterized by inhomogeneities on the nanometer length scale, is achieved via proper control of the rate of cluster formation and cluster growth by a multi-phase pulsed electrodeposition process.
Two novel α-Keggin anion-based coordination polymers with argentophilic {Ag3}3+/{Ag4}4+ clusters, [{Ag3(bpy)4}{PMo12O40}]·2H2O (1), [{Ag(bpy)}2{Ag4(bpy)6}{PMo11VO40}][{Ag(bpy)}2{PMo11VO40}] (2), have been hydrothemally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal data for these are the following: C40H36Ag3Mo12N8O42P (1), triclinic P1̅, a = 10.5245(19) Å, b = 12.058(2) Å, c = 13.530(2) Å, α = 87.015(2)°, β = 72.146(2)°, γ = 86.563(2)°, Z = 1; C100H80Ag8Mo22N20O80P2V2 (2), triclinic P1̅, a = 13.3603(15) Å, b = 16.3035(18) Å, c = 16.7523(19) Å, α = 89.896(2)°, β = 84.000(2)°, γ = 88.066(2)°, Z = 1. Polymer 1 consists of an infinite zigzag one-dimensional (1D) chain constructed from [Ag3(bpy)4]3+ clusters and [PMo12O40]3− anions. Polymer 2 consists of isolated bisupporting [{Ag(bpy)}2{PMo11VO40}]2− anions and infinite 1D cationic chains [{Ag(bpy)}2{Ag4(bpy)6}{PMo11VO40}]2+ constructed from [{Ag(bpy)}2{PMo11VO40}]2− anions bridged via {Ag4(bpy)6}4+ clusters. Argentophilic {Ag3}3+ and {Ag4}4+ interactions exist in polymers 1 and 2. Ag···Ag interactions were proven using density functional theory, and the luminescent properties were investigated in polymers 1 and 2. The electrochemical behavior of the polymers modified carbon paste electrode (1-CPE, 2-CPE) and their electrocatalytic reductions of nitrite were investigated. Both 1-CPE and 2-CPE show good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of the nitrite and remarkable stability that can be ascribed to their insolubility.
It is of great significance to develop phase change materials (PCMs) with high performance. The reported PCMs usually possess serious defects like low heat capacity and poor thermal stability. Here, core-sheath structured nanofibers with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as the sheath and octadecane as the core were fabricated by melt coaxial electrospinning. Pure octadecane without any solvents was used as the core solution, thus, the optimal sample possessed very high latent heat up to 118 J g À1 . We studied the influence of core feed rate and PVB solution concentration on the encapsulation rate, and the highest encapsulation rate was found when the PVB concentration was 10% and core feed rate was 0.08 mL h À1 . And hexagonal cesium tungsten bronze (Cs x WO 3 , a near infrared absorber) was introduced into the optimal sample partly to improve its conversion efficiency of solar to thermal energy, and partly absorb uncomfortable infrared light; the composite phase change material also possessed high latent heat up to 96.9 J g À1 . In addition, 100 thermal cycle test proved that with a minor latent heat decrease, the prepared core-sheath structured smart nanofibers had good thermal stability, which overcomes the leakage problem of pure octadecane. Additionally, the 9 wt% Cs x WO 3 -loaded sample had an increase in tensile strength and elongation compared with the sample without Cs x WO 3 , indicating the good compatibility between Cs x WO 3 and PVB.
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