The electricity consumption per capita in Ecuador almost doubled between 1999 and 2017. Although electricity, gas and fuels are subsidized by the state, and thus generate savings for users, this often leads to inefficient use or bad energy consumption habits in the population. The current economic situation in the country has urged reconsidering the continuity of fuel subsidies, so prices have been adjusted. It is evident that the continued elimination of subsidies will negatively impact Ecuadorian low and middleincome families, becoming necessary to find alternatives and possible solutions regarding energy, while also familiarizing with the profile and habits of electricity consumption in residences. A sorting algorithm based on Theory of Decision in Uncertainty is implemented to rank 8 urban-marginal areas in Guayaquil City according to 14 indicators that significantly impact energy consumption. From 700 thousand users of urban-marginal areas of Ecuador, 200 thousand can be found in Guayaquil. The information of some indicators of electrical consumption collected in surveys applied in residences of the areas is used as an ordering criterion. Results will show the differences between those areas and will be useful for later studies or for decision-making processes of competent authorities in order to improve living conditions while maintaining rational indicators of electrical consumption. Los Esteros, Guasmo and Vergeles present the best consumption pattern, in comparison with Bastión Popular and Flor de Bastión, which show the worst results in regards to the consumption among the 8 areas studied.
Psychosocial risk factors associated with stressful working conditions after COVID-19 outbreak, have been studied in 20 nurses of a Basic Hospital in a rural area of Ecuador. Previous studies showed that social relationships, autonomy, and psychological demands were prominent dimensions that lead the risk perception. The aim of this study was to identify determinant leadership in the well-being of nurses and its influence in the psychosocial environment. After the intervention a positive participatory (83%) and collaborative (81%) performance was accomplished, directive leadership decreased (70%), while achievement-oriented leadership remained low (68%). The Wilcoxon test showed significant differences in qualitative-quantitative dimensions of psychological risk (Z= -3.100; p<.01), and (Z= -2.925; p<.01) respectively. Significant relationships among risk factors, perceived work climate and perception of leadership styles was possible to improve the well-being, by using a virtual team model based on participatory leadership. Findings are discussed and measures are proposed for future research.
Objetivo Proponer una herramienta para identificar sectores de población que requieren mayor atención por parte de autoridades locales o gubernamentales en situaciones de crisis biológica, considerando los factores que influyen en la adherencia a las normas de minimización de riesgos. Metodología Se implementó un algoritmo de ordenamiento, tomando como referencia las restricciones de julio del 2021 en Ecuador. El contexto del estudio se resume en siete sectores urbanos de la ciudad de Guayaquil, con una población caracterizada por un nivel de educación promedio por debajo de la educación secundaria superior (70%) y más del 50% entre 20-34 años, con alguna ocupación en el medio de una economía popular debilitada. Siete factores de riesgo fueron identificados después de un análisis estructural de la hipóótesis de adherencia (χ2/gl=3,6; CFI≥0,91; TLI≥0,90; RMSEA≤0,05), basado en una muestra aleatoria de n=515 adultos viviendo en las áreas afectadas. Resultados El seguimiento de las normas está influenciado por la percepción del clima de seguridad, el riesgo percibido y el entendimiento del riesgo. El umbral de ordenmiento (h) permite establecer relaciones unidireccionales entre variables. Conclusiones Los resultados muestran que Vergeles, Norte y Fertisa representan los sectores con mayor prioridad de atención en materia de salud pública {A4,A5,A6}>{A2}>{A3}>{A1}>{A7}. Se requiere identificar más factores para garantizar una diferenciación óptima.
En este trabajo se replicó un método basado en el teorema de Vergnaud sobre la conceptualización del campo eléctrico con cálculo integral realizado en una universidad privada de la ciudad de Guayaquil. El objetivo de este estudio es relacionar y conectar la interacción que existe entre el dominio conceptual – epistemológico (Saber comprender) con el hacer del dominio metodológico (Saber hacer) con el propósito de ampliar y profundizar el concepto mediante la experimentación a través de un material instruccional en las clases virtuales (Teoría de Gagné). Nuestro trabajo se fundamenta en la investigación acción con un enfoque explicativo, ya que desde la óptica de la práctica pedagógica pretendemos dar respuesta a los problemas de conceptualización sobre las variables que participan en el campo eléctrico. El diseño del estudio es experimental se trabajó con grupos intactos, uno de control (Gc) y otro experimental (Ge). Los resultados indican que el grupo experimental desarrolló una mejor conceptualización en los contenidos de campo eléctrico con cálculo integral a diferencia del grupo de control que recibió una instrucción tradicional.
The procedural learning is a strategy that allows improving the skills, through the reflexive exercise in diverse techniques, skills to do concrete things. In this study we provide an overview of how to implement this learning for diagnosis and improve spatial cognition in solving vector problems. Through a methodology based on design to optimize geometric skills (visualization - design-construction-transfer), followingtheories of teaching - learning about levels of geometric reasoning and psychology on spatial cognition. The result of the implemented methodology showed that it is possible to improve at least one level, the geometric thinking of the students of Physics Engineering 1 of the State University of Guayaquil, according to the Van de Hiele model. Tales measurements reflected relevant facts that allowed elaborating a new instructional material to improve the academic performance of the students, through didactic techniques to improve their spatial cognitive skills.
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