This paper describes the design of an optical see-through head-mounted display (HMD) system for Augmented Reality (AR). Our goals were to make virtual objects "perfectly" indistinguishable from real objects, wherever the user roams, and to find out to which extent imperfections are hindering applications in art and design. For AR, fast and accurate measuring of head motions is crucial. We made a head-pose tracker for the HMD that uses error-state Kalman filters to fuse data from an inertia tracker with data from a camera that tracks visual markers. This makes on-line head-pose based rendering of dynamic virtual content possible. We measured our system, and found that with an A4-sized marker viewed from > 20 • at 5 m distance with an SXGA camera (FOV 108 • ), the RMS error in the tracker angle was < 0.5 • when moving the head slowly. Our Kalman filters suppressed the pose error due to camera delay, which is proportional to the angular and linear velocities, and the dynamic misalignment was comparable to the static misalignment. Applications of artists and designers lead to observations on the profitable use of our AR system. Their exhibitions at world-class museums showed that AR is a powerful tool for disclosing cultural heritage.
To mark the completion of the restoration of Van Gogh's painting 'The Bedroom', and as part of the Friday Evening events organised by the Van Gogh Museum, the AR Lab was asked to develop three installations dedicated to the exhibition 'Paul Gauguin: The Breakthrough into Modernity'. With these installations we aimed to make it possible for visitors to discover paintings by Van Gogh in a playful and exciting way. One of the installations features the painting 'The Bedroom' which is shown on a large screen, and by using a digitally modified spray-can, visitors can reveal information about the painting normally not accessible, like x-ray, infrared and ultra violet images, or even the back of the painting. We will describe and later discuss these experimental augmented reality installations, and reflect on the lessons learned in order to make interaction with cultural heritage more exciting.
Museum conservators and researchers often take multi-spectral captures of the paintings they study, commonly using x-ray, infrared and ultraviolet equipment. Usually these captures are not accessible to the museum visitor, even though they offer valuable information about the painting. Since 2009 the AR Lab has been developing installations which allow museum visitors to explore these special captures in an user-friendly and playful way. This article describes and comments on the different phases this project went through, and gives a preview of our latest augmented reality application.
In this explorative study, an overview of up to date data on plastic waste is given. Different methods of handling the plastic waste problem are described. The focus lies on volunteering. In order to get a picture of the plastic waste problem, a non-exhaustive overview is given of recent scientific and policy reports in paragraph 2. In paragraph 3 the guidelines of the UNEP and ISWA report on Global Waste Management is described. Other sources emphasize the importance of additional measurements. Those are e.g. self-organising volunteer activities in (higher-) education and volunteer cleaning up activities, respectively described in paragraph 4 and 5. In a small sample investigation to the motives for taken part in cleaning-up activities, undertaken in the Netherlands, Europe, two hypotheses were tested 'cleaning-up is a token activity' and 'taking part in cleaning-up activities promotes environmental-friendly behaviour'. In paragraph 6 the method of the inquiry is described and in paragraph 7 we see from there some evidence for an expanding involvement with pro-environmental behaviour as a result from beach cleaning-up activities. In paragraph 8 we conclude that the need for involvement with the plastic waste problem of all and on all levels, is necessary. The contribution of volunteer activities like self-organizing groups in Universities or cleaning-up projects, seems to be an important factor in behavioural change to tackle the problem of plastic waste.
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