Event-related potentials (ERPs) during a visual oddball paradigm with button-pressing responses were recorded in 12 right-handed subjects from 32 scalp electrodes. The single equivalent current dipole (ECD) of the target C1 (weak occipito-parietal negativity from 30-80 ms) was consistently located at the primary visual cortex. From the 4-ECD localization of the target P1/N1 (temporally coincident frontal positivity and occipito-temporal negativity), it was suggested that this complex reflected activities from distributed sources along both dorsal occipito-parietal and ventral occipito-temporal areas. The stable multiple ECD solutions for the target P3b were chosen as those including the left primary motor and/or sensorimotor dipole and satisfying goodness-of-fit (GOF) of more than 98% and confidence limit (CL) of less than 1 mm. The obtained frontal dipoles were discussed in terms of visual working memory and sustained attention in reference to the previous PET, fMRI and MEG studies. The distributed multiple ECDs may suggest that P3 should be interpreted as being the embodiment of the cortico-limbic-thalamic network which involves Halgren and Marinkovic's emotional and behavioral model and Mesulam's attentional circuit.
Summary:Purpose: Based on our previous study that validated efficacies of an adaptive temporal filtering system (ATFS) suppressing a photoparoxysmal response (PPR) elicited by a chromatic flicker stimulation, we further studied ATFS efficacies on PPRs elicited by pattern-flicker stimulation in 13 photosensitive epilepsy patients.Methods: Subjects were 13 photosensitive epilepsy patients (two male and 11 female patients; mean age ± SD, 20.9 ± 8.9 years) who were all sensitive to a flickering geometric-pattern scene. We used a scene consisting of 15-Hz flickering 4 c/deg stripe images lasting for 4 s. With a 14-inch television set 2 m before a subject, we displayed the following video scenes: nonfiltered and filtered flickering-stripe scenes; for the latter, two kinds of ATFSs with mild efficacy and strong efficacy were used. Three flickering-stripe scenes altogether, each of which lasted for 4 s, were given at random with a 10-s interval.
The authors have developed a PC-based multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement and analysis system. This system enables us (1) to simultaneously record a maximum of 64 channels of EEG data, (2) to measure three-dimensional positions of the recording electrodes, (3) to rapidly and precisely localize equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) responsible for the EEG data, and (4) to superimpose the localization results on magnetic resonance images. A new neural network and numerical analysis (NNN) approach to ECD localization is described which integrates a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) and a numerical optimization (Powell's hybrid) method. It was shown that the ANN method has the advantages of high-speed localization and noise robustness, because in this approach: (1) ECD parameters are immediately initialized from the recorded EEG data by the ANN and (2) ECD parameters are accurately refined by the hybrid method. Our multiple ECD localization method was applied to sensory evoked potentials and event-related potentials using the present system.
We have proposed an XML format, HUP-ML (Human Proteome Markup Language), for proteomics database to exchange proteome data among researchers and to accelerate their collaboration. HUP-ML data model is proteome-analysis-oriented so as to incorporate such information as sample source, details of sample preparation, 2-D gel electrophoresis images, spot identification, amino acid sequences, MS spectrum data, and so on. We have developed prototypes of HUP-ML Editor and web-based database system as a tool for creating HUP-ML documents and a platform for sharing HUP-ML documents, respectively.
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