The present data revealed that cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD relates to advancement of Hoehn and Yahr stage, but PVP is not associated with significant long-lasting cognitive deficits.

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a relapse-prevention program for methamphetamine (MAP)-dependent inmates in a prison.Methods: Participants were 251 male inmates with MAP-abuse problems. We compared scores on the Self-efficacy Scale for Drug Dependence (SSDD) and the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) before and after intervention with a self-teaching workbook and group therapy.Results: For all participants, only SSDD scores increased during the pre-intervention period. SOCRATES-8D scores increased after the start of the intervention using the self-teaching workbook, and both SSDD and SOCRATES-8D scores increased when group therapy was implemented. Changes in scores in participants with moderate and high MAP dependence were considerably different from the scores of those with low dependence during the preintervention and the self-teaching workbook periods. Conclusion:Intervention using a self-teaching workbook and group therapy in prisons might be effective for inmates with more than moderate severity of MAP abuse.Key words: dependence, evaluation, methamphetamine, prison, relapse-prevention. M ETHAMPHETAMINE (MAP) ABUSE has been a social problem in Japan ever since the end of World War II.1 Very few medical institutions in Japan have specialized treatments for drug dependency until now, and many MAP-dependent individuals have little opportunity to receive medical treatment before being incarcerated for drug abuse. Furthermore, they do not receive adequate drug dependency treatment in prison, and often relapse after being released.2 To improve this situation, the 'Act on Penal Detention Facilities and Treatment of Inmates and Detainees', which codified an educational and therapeutic approach for imprisoned criminals to promote their social remediation and rehabilitation, came into force in 2007. Prisons operated by the Private Finance Initiative (PFI), which uses private capital and expertise in the construction, maintenance, and operation of public institutions, are expected to provide drug-dependent inmates with multidisciplinary treatment by obtaining the cooperation of extramural experts.The Harima Rehabilitation Program Center (HRPC) is one of the four PFI prisons in Japan. Since its establishment, the HRPC has provided a relapseprevention program (the Program) specifically 3 a self-teaching workbook developed to promote recovery from drug dependence. This was used in conjunction with group therapy as it was in the SMARPP, 4 to assist the recovery of addicts from drug dependence. Although the intervention effect of such a progressive effort naturally needs to be verified, conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) at penal detention facilities has various problems from a legal and human rights standpoint. Moreover, little evidence is available regarding the effectiveness of treatment programs for drug dependence in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, no RCT have been conducted in Japan and there is only one case-control study of a small population...

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