The purpose of this study is to assess the cognitive skills and the audio visual perceptions of orienteering athletes and to research the relationship between these two. 17 male athletes, who have been playing orienteering sport for at least 2 years, whose average age is 16.3 ± 1.6 years, participated voluntarily in our study. Reaction time test, mental rotation tests were implemented to the participants on successive days, during the same time zone, and in a quiet environment favorable for testing. The "Finger Tapping Test" (FTT), in which the speed of consecutive motor movements was evaluated was implemented via a computer program and the athletes were asked to press the specified key consecutively for 20 seconds. The obtained data was recorded. In conclusion, it was determined that the random-interval audio visual reaction times are longer than the Fix-interval audio visual reaction times. It was concluded that each question was answered in 8.7 seconds on average during the mental rotation test implemented in the study; whereas it was discovered that the correct answer average was 9.8 in the MR test, which consists of 16 questions. When the answers given by the athletes to the test questions were examined, it was determined that 4 athletes, who answered each question approximately in 3 seconds and completed the test in under 1 minute, are not successful in terms of accuracy and duration. These results indicate that the mental rotation performances of the orienteering athletes are not at a good level.

We report two rare cases of post-irradiation vasculopathy of intracranial major arteries in children. A 13-year-old girl suffered from transient right hemiparesis 1 year after irradiation for suprasellar ger minoma. Left carotid angiograms revealed marked stenoses of the intracranial internal carotid, middle cerebral, and anterior cerebral arteries, which were previously normal, and moyamoya vessels. A 2.5 -year-old girl underwent internal irradiation with ¹⁹⁸Au colloid for cystic craniopharyngioma. At the age of 10 years, she suddenly became unconscious after vomiting. Computed tomographic scans show ed a right frontal intracerebral hematoma. Right carotid angiograms disclosed complete obstruction of the intracranial internal carotid, middle cerebral, and anterior cerebral arteries and moyamoya vessels, previously not present. The danger of radiation therapy causing occlusive vasculopathy in small and major cerebral arteries in children is emphasized. To prevent permanent ischemic neurological deficits, vasculopathy should be treated either medically or surgically as early as possible.

25 cases of traumatic intracerebral haematomas of delayed onset were found among 775 cases of acute head injuries. All these 25 cases were analysed both clinically and with computed- tomographical studies. Their clinical features were different from those of classical " traumatische Spät- Apoplexie " originally described by Bollinger in 1891, in the following aspects; absence of the symptom-free interval and absence of apoplectic onset of symptoms after a relatively long lucid interval. These traumatic intracerebral haematomas of delayed onset were, on the other hand, characterized by the following; the patient was injured when the head was in motion, the injury was not necessarily severe, the onset of signs and symptoms were gradual and insidious, all 25 cases but 4, had cranial vault fractures and/or basal skull fractures, precipitating factors could not be identified, though hypotensive episodes were present in 60% of cases, intracerebral haematomas appeared within 72 hours following the head injury in most of cases, though more than 4 days later in a small number of cases, the appearance of such intracerebral haematomas suggested an unfavourable outcome, cerebral contusion might be a major contributory factor.

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