Glycine has three polymorphs, among them the 7-form crystallizes in the hexagonal space group /)31 or P32 with unit-cell dimensions a -7.037, c = 5.483/~. Its crystal structure has been determined by two-dimensional Fourier and three-dimensional least-squares methods. The dimensions of the molecule are close to those found in the other forms. The structure consists of hydrogen bonded molecular chains which are held together by lateral hydrogen bonds forming a three-dimensional network.
In the course of our screening of /?-glucosidase inhibitor, a culture filtrate of a mushroom, Phellinus sp. strongly inhibited the enzymeactivity. The active substance wasisolated through charcoal separation, column chromatography and crystallization. Spectroscopic and crystallographic analysis revealed that it had a novel cyclitol structure, (15f,2i?,35f,4/?,57?,6i?)-5-hydroxymethyl-7oxabicyclo[4, l ,0]heptane-2,3,4-triol, and we named it cyclophellitol. It inhibited almond-derived /?-glucosidase with an IC50 of 0.8 ug/ml. 49 /?-Glucosidase inhibitors such as castanospermine and 1-deoxynojirimycin have been reported to inhibit syncytium formation and infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), possibly by perturbing gpl20-linked glycan structurelf2). Castanospermine is also known to suppress experimental metastasis possibly by changing the saccharide structure on tumour cell surface3*. Therefore, glucosidase inhibitors may inhibit HIV infection and metastasis. Consequently we screened culture filtrates of microorganisms for inhibitory activity against^-glucosidase. Amonga thousand strains of bacteria, Actinomycetes and mushrooms,we found that a culture filtrate of a mushroomstrain, Phellinus sp., showedinhibitory activity against almond^-glucosidase. Isolation and structure determination of the active principle, established that it was a novel compound. Wehave namedit cyclophellitol. Materials and Methods General /7-Nitrophenyl-^-D-glucopyranoside and almond /?-glucosidase were purchased from Sigma. NMR spectra were recorded on a Jeol JNM-GX400. The MSspectra were taken by a Hitachi M-80H spectrometer. The mp was measured by the micro mp apparatus, MP-S3(Yanagimoto). The UVand IR spectra were measured by a Hitachi 220S and a 260-10 spectrophotometer, respectively. Optical rotations were taken by a Perkin-Elmer 241 polarimeter using micro-cell (light path 10 cm). #-Glucosidase Assay The enzyme activity was assayed by the method described by Saul et al.4\ with slight modifications.
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