RESUMO:Melaleuca alternifolia tem como produto principal o óleo essencial extraído das folhas devido às propriedades antifúngicas e antibacterianas. Pouco se tem relatado sobre a propagação desta espécie, sendo a miniestaquia uma alternativa para a propagação vegetativa de clones superiores visando à implantação de campo de produção. ), em dois tipos de miniestacas (apical e mediana). As miniestacas foram confeccionadas com 5 cm de comprimento, mantidas em casa de vegetação com nebulização intermitente, e, após 45 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as porcentagens de miniestacas enraizadas, com calos e não responsivas, o número de raízes formadas por miniestaca e o comprimento das três maiores raízes (cm). O substrato Golden-Mix ® e as miniestacas coletadas da porção apical do ramo submetidas ao tratamento com 500 mg L -1 de AIB apresentaram maior porcentagem de enraizamento e melhor qualidade do sistema radicial. Palavras-chave:Myrtaceae, auxina, óleo essencial, plantas medicinais, propagação vegetativa ABSTRACT: Substrates, indolebutyric acid levels and types of minicuttings on the rooting of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel). Melaleuca alternifolia has as major product the essential oil extracted from its leaves due to its antifungal and antibacterial properties. There are scarce reports about the propagation of this species, and minicutting is an alternative for vegetative propagation of superior clones in order to establish a production field. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different substrates, IBA levels and types of minicuttings on the rooting of Melaleuca alternifolia. In the first experiment, the following substrates were tested: medium sand, Plantmax HT ® , Golden-Mix ® and vermiculite. In the second experiment, different IBA levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg L -1 ) were tested for two minicutting types (apical and medium). Minicuttings were prepared with 5 cm length and were kept in a greenhouse with intermittent mist; then, at 45 days after planting, we evaluated: the percentages of rooted minicuttings, with callus and non-responsive, the number of roots per minicutting and the length of the three longest roots. The substrate Golden-Mix ® and the minicuttings collected from the apical part of the branch and treated with 500 mg L -1 IBA presented the largest rooting percentage and the best root system quality.

RESUMOMelaleuca alternifolia Cheel (Myrtaceae), também conhecida por "tea tree", é uma árvore nativa da Austrália com grande importância econômica devido a extração do óleo essencial de suas folhas, que é utilizado na indústria farmacêutica por possuir comprovada ação antimicrobiana e antifúngica. O principal problema encontrado para a expansão do cultivo de Melaleuca alternifolia é a produção de mudas, já que estudos sobre a propagação desta espécie são escassos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes comprimentos de estaca no enraizamento da espécie. Para tanto, estacas caulinares apicais foram confeccionadas com 10, 15 e 20 cm de comprimento, cortadas em bisel na base, mantendo-se um terço das folhas na porção apical, sendo as bases das mesmas tratadas com 1500 mg L -1 de AIB. Para o plantio foram utilizados tubetes de polipropileno com capacidade de 53 cm 3 , contendo substrato Plantmax HT ® . As estacas foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação com nebulização intermitente e, após 120 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as variáveis: porcentagem de enraizamento, porcentagem de sobrevivência, número médio de raízes por estaca e comprimento médio das três maiores raízes por estaca (cm). Pôde-se concluir que estacas de M. alternifolia com 10 cm apresentam maior porcentagem de enraizamento em relação a estacas com 15 e 20 cm.Palavras-chave: "Tea tree"; estaquia; planta medicinal; produção de mudas; Melaleuca alternifolia. ABSTRACTMelaleuca alternifolia Cheel (Myrtaceae), also known as "tea tree", is a native tree of Australia with great economic importance due to extraction of essential oils from its leaves. This oil is used in the pharmaceutical industry for its antimicrobial and antifungical action. The main problem for the expansion of the culture of Melaleuca alternifolia is the production of plants and studies on the vegetative propagation of this species are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of three lengths of cutting on the adventitious rooting. Apical cuttings were prepared with 10, 15 and 20 cm of length (measured from the apex to the base), cut in bevel at the base. One third of the leaves was kept in the apical portion and the cuttings were treated with 1500 mg L -1 IBA. For the plantation under greenhouse, tubes of polypropylene with capacity of 53 cm 3 and containing Plantmax HT ® substrate were used. The cuttings were kept in greenhouse under mist. After 120 days, the percentage of adventitious rooting and survival, the average number of roots per cutting and the average length of the three main roots per cutting were evaluated. In conclusion, 10 cm cuttings of M. alternifolia show higher rooting percentage than 15 or 20 cm cuttings.

RESUMOO abacaxi ornamental (Ananas bracteatus Schult. f.) é bastante utilizado em composições paisagísticas para delimitar áreas ou canteiros. A micropropagação permite obter altas taxas de multiplicação, podendo ser uma alternativa viável e vantajosa de propagação vegetativa, visto que a demanda por esta espécie vem aumentando, tanto no mercado nacional quanto no internacional. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes irradiâncias e concentrações de sacarose durante o enraizamento in vitro, sobre a sobrevivência das mudas na fase de aclimatização. Para tanto, foram testadas diferentes concentrações de sacarose (0, 10, 20 e 30 g L -1 ) no meio de enraizamento, bem como duas irradiâncias (22,9 e 66,9 mmol m -2 s -1 ) em sala de crescimento. O melhor resultado em termos de enraizamento foi obtido no meio de cultura contendo 30 g L -1 de sacarose sob irradiância de 66,9 mmol m -2 s -1 . Após a fase de enraizamento in vitro, as plantas foram transferidas para casa de vegetação e mantidas sob nebulização intermitente por 60 dias. Os resultados de sobrevivência aos 30 e 60 dias não diferiram estatisticamente para os dois níveis de irradiância testados. Entretanto, para concentrações de sacarose, a testemunha apresentou sobrevivência inferior (50%) diferindo estatisticamente dos demais tratamentos que foram semelhantes entre si (95 a 100%). Termos para indexação:Ananas bracteatus, micropropagação, planta ornamental. ABSTRACTOrnamental pineapple (Ananas bracteatus Schult. f.) is often used in landscape compositions in order to limit areas or borders. Micropropagation allows high multiplication rates and may be an interesting technique of vegetative propagation in order to meet the need of plants of this species that is rising on national and international markets. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of several light irradiances and sucrose concentrations during in vitro rooting on survival during the acclimatization stage. Several concentrations of sucrose (0, 10, 20 or 30 g L -1 ) in the rooting medium and two light irradiances (22.9 and 66.9 mmol m -2 s -1 ) in the culture room were tested. The best results of rooting were obtained on culture medium containing 30 g L -1 sucrose under an irradiance of 66.9 mmol m -2 s -1 . The plants were then transferred to the greenhouse and cultured under intermittent mist for 60 days. There was no significant difference among the results of survival under the two irradiances tested. However, for sucrose concentrations, the survival rate of the control (50%) was statistically inferior to that of the other treatments that were similar among them (95 and 100%).

Melaleuca alternifolia is cultivated for the production of an essential oil useful in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite the economic importance of this species, there is little knowledge about its in vitro propagation. The aim of this study was to establish an efficient protocol for micropropagation of M. alternifolia. With the goal of in vitro multiplication by axillary shoot proliferation, both solid and liquid MS and WPM media were tested with supplementation with BA at 0, 0.55, 1.11, 2.22, 3.33, and 4.44 μM. The best result for shoot multiplication was obtained when either 0.55 μM BA was added into solid MS medium or 1.11 μM BA was added into liquid MS medium, with 5.6 and 11.8 shoots per explant generated, respectively. On solid or liquid WPM medium supplemented with 0.55 μM BA, the proliferation rates were 5.5 and 4.7, respectively. Three auxins (NAA, IAA, and IBA) were tested at 0.53 and 2.64 μM during the rooting stage. Several sucrose concentrations (15, 30, and 45 g L −1 ) were compared to a sucrose-free medium. Rooting performances on four culture media were then compared: MS, half-strength MS (MS/2), MS+activated charcoal (AC), and MS/2+AC. The results showed that auxin addition to culture medium is not necessary for in vitro rooting. Rooted microcuttings from different culture media were acclimatized in a greenhouse, and the survival percentage was evaluated. All shoots cultured in an auxinfree MS medium supplemented with sucrose (30 gL −1 ) produced roots, and all plants survived during acclimatization. Activated charcoal added in rooting medium reduced rooting rates.

The regeneration of transgenic plants of Eucalypt is the largest difficulty for the genetic transformation of this genus; in addition a low rate of transformed plants is reached. The aim of this research was to evaluate acetosyringone (3',5'-Dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyacetophenone) on the co-culture medium during genetic transformation of shoot tips of Eucalyptus saligna via Agrobacterium tumefaciens and to promote the explants selection supposedly transformed. Shoot tip from multiple shoots was used as explants. These explants were pre-cultured during two days before the transformation. Strain EHA105 of A. tumefaciens harboring the plasmid pBI121 was used. The treatments were: 0 and 100 μM acetosyringone added to the co-culture, after co-culture the explants were cultured in multiplication medium supplemented with 250 mg.L-1 Cefotaxime® and each sub-culture the kanamycin levels were increased from 50 to 150 mg.L-1. The transient expression of the uidA gene in shoot tips was evaluated after the end of the co-culture (fifth day) and after seven days of culture on medium containing kanamycin. The presence of 100 µM acetosyringone at the co-culture of shoot tips of Eucalyptus saligna promoted higher transient expression of the uidA gene and retards toxic effects caused by kanamycin.

RESUMO:O jambolão propaga-se normalmente por sementes o que acarreta variabilidade nas plantas descendentes e um problema quando o objetivo é a formação de pomar comercial. O desenvolvimento de protocolo de propagação vegetativa por meio da estaquia possibilitaria a reprodução de todas as características da planta matriz, uniformidade nas populações e facilidade de propagação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos ácidos naftaleno acético (ANA) e indolilbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas de jambolão. Estacas da região mediana dos ramos foram confeccionadas com 12 cm de comprimento, cortadas em bisel na base e reto acima da última gema axilar, mantendo-se um par de folhas reduzidas à metade. As bases das estacas foram imersas por 10 segundos em soluções aquosas contendo ANA ou AIB nas concentrações de 0, 500, 1.000 e 1.500 mg L -1. Para o plantio foram utilizadas bandejas plásticas contendo areia de granulometria média. As estacas foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação com nebulização intermitente e após 120 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as variáveis: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, com calos, vivas (não enraizadas e sem calos) e mortas, comprimento das três maiores raízes (cm) e número de raízes formadas por estaca. Os melhores resultados de enraizamento foram verificados com 1.000 mg L -1 para ambos os fitorreguladores testados. A porcentagem de enraizamento foi ligeiramente superior com a utilização de ANA quando comparada ao AIB. Palavras-chave: plantas medicinais, estaquia, auxina, Syzygium cumineABSTRACT: Effect of naphthaleneacetic acid and indolebutyric acid on rooting of jambul [Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels] cuttings. Jambul usually propagates by seeds, which causes variability in the descendant plants and represents a problem in the formation of commercial orchards. The development of a protocol for vegetative propagation by cuttings would enable the reproduction of all features of the Mother plant, uniformity in populations and easy propagation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) on rooting of jambul cuttings. Twelve-cm-long cuttings from the median region of branches were prepared through bevel cut in the base and right cut above the last axillary bud, keeping one pair of halved leaves. Cutting bases were immersed for 10s in aqueous solutions containing NAA or IBA at 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L -1 concentrations. Plastic trays containing medium sand were used in the planting. The cuttings were kept in a greenhouse under intermittent nebulization and, at 120 days after planting, the following variables were evaluated: percentage of rooted, with calluses, alive (not-rooted and without calluses) and dead cuttings; length of the three largest roots (cm); and number of roots per cutting. The best rooting was observed by using 1000 mg L -1 of both tested plant growth regulators. Rooting percentage was slightly higher under NAA relative to IBA.

An efficient selec tive agent helps to obtain transgenic plant s; the most used selective agent for genetic transformation of Eucalypt is kanamycin. The aim of this research was to determine ideal dose of kanamycin in shoot tip and cotyledon explants of E. saligna for use as selective agent in genetic transformation. Two experiments were carried out, first in order to test effects of the kanamycin in cotyledons and second, in order to test effects of the kanamycin in shoot tip. In the cotyledons experiment were tested 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 mg.L-1 kanamycin on a callus formation medium and for shoot tip were tested 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg.L-1 kanamycin on a multiplication medium. Cotyledons can be selected more quickly than shoot tip, moreover needs lower kanamycin levels than shoot tip, what results more speed and economy during genetic transformation process. It is probable that levels lower than 12.5 mg.L-1 kanamycin must be ideal for the cotyledons selection and 50 mg.L-1kanamycin for shoot tip.

O objetivo deste estudo foi o estabelecimento de um protocolo de regeneração e aclimatização de plantas de cana-de-açúcar de duas cultivares (RB931003 e RB98710) a partir de embriões somáticos. Para o cultivar RB931003, a concentração de 0,25 mg L-1 de BAP, foi eficiente e proporcionou a indução de brotações em 80% das massas embriogênicas. Já para o cultivar RB98710, as maiores porcentagens de indução de brotações foram observadas na ausência de BAP e na concentração de 0,25 mg L-1 de BAP, os quais promoveram 70% e 75% de brotações nas massas embriogênicas, respectivamente. O meio de cultura MS isento de regulador vegetal apresentou-se adequado para o alongamento e enraizamento das brotações e a utilização do substrato composto por vermiculita mais os sais do meio de cultura MS foi eficiente na aclimatização das plantas de ambos os cultivares analisados.