Background/Aims: The role of Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the prognosis of patients with lung cancer is still controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic role of TILs in lung cancer. Methods: Studies were recruited by searching PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library and assessed by further quality evaluation. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the association between TIL subsets and lung cancer patients' outcome. Results: A total of 29 articles including 8,600 patients were enrolled into the meta-analysis. Our results indicated that high level of CD8+ cells infiltration in tumor stroma (TS) or tumor nest (TN) was associated with better OS in lung cancer patients (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.93, P = 0.006; HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.96; P = 0.018, respectively). Similar results could be also observed in CD3+ T cells infiltration. High CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltration in TS was explicitly accompanied by better OS (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.91; P = 0.013), rather than in TN. In contrast, high density of FOXP3+ T cells infiltration in TS showed a poor PFS (HR = 2.67, 95% CI, 1.74-4.08, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis clarified that high level of CD8+ and CD3+ T cells infiltration in TS or TN, and high CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltration in TS showed better OS in lung cancer patients, whereas high density of FOXP3+ T cells infiltration in TS could be recognized as a negative prognostic factor.
Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), based on peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, was recently investigated as a prognostic marker in several tumors. However, SII has not been reported in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We evaluated the prognostic value of the SII in 916 patients with ESCC who underwent radical surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to compare the discrimination ability for OS. PSM (propensity score matching) was carried out to imbalance the baseline characteristics. Our results showed that SII, PLR, NLR and MLR were all associated with OS in ESCC patients in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. However, only SII was an independent risk factor for OS (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.53, P = 0.042) among these systemic inflammation scores. The AUC for SII was bigger than PLR, NLR and MLR. In the PSM analysis, SII still remained an independent predictor for OS (HR = 1.30, CI 1.05–1.60, P = 0.018). SII is a novel, simple and inexpensive prognostic predictor for patients with ESCC undergoing radical esophagectomy. The prognostic value of SII is superior to PLR, NLR and MLR.
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new type of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). circRNA regulates gene expression in many biological processes, and it also participates in the initiation and development of various diseases, including tumors, which are the focus of present research. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technique, an increasing number of circRNAs closely related to tumors have been discovered. According to numerous studies, there is a significant difference in the expressions of circRNAs among a variety of tumor tissues and para-carcinoma normal tissues. Some specifically expressed circRNAs may potentially serve as new biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. This systemic review briefly introduces the characteristics, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs, as well as discusses their relationship with cancer in detail. In addition, this article also describes several research strategies for circRNAs.
Circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important role in the development of human malignant tumors. Recently, an increasing number of circRNAs have been identified and investigated in various tumors. However, the expression pattern and biological function of circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) still remain largely unexplored. In the present study, hsa_circ_0009361 was significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues and cells. Low expression level of hsa_circ_0009361 promoted the proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of CRC cells. Hsa_circ_0009361 was identified as the sponge of miR-582 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase reporter assays. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0009361 up-regulated the expression of adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (APC2) and inhibited the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by competitively combining with miR-582. Exogenous miR-582 and APC2 interventions could reverse the multiple biological functions mediated by hsa_circ_0009361 in CRC cells. In vivo experiments also confirmed that hsa_circ_0009361 inhibited the growth and metastasis of CRC. Hsa_circ_0009361 acted as a tumor suppressive sponge of miR-582, which could up-regulate the expression of APC2, inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and suppress the growth and metastasis of CRC. Collectively, the hsa_circ_0009361/miR-582/APC2 network could be employed as a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients.
LNR can supplement the pN categorization system for more effective evaluation of prognosis. But the modified staging system based on LNR has a poor clinical practical value for patients with ESCC compared with the current TNM system and is not superior to AJCC pN staging for ESCC.
Growing evidence indicates that nomogram combined with the biomarkers of systemic inflammation response could provide more accurate prediction than conventional staging systems in tumors. This study aimed to establish an effective prognostic nomogram for resectable thoracic esophageal squamouscell carcinoma (ESCC) based on the clinicopathological parameters and inflammation-based prognostic scores. We retrospectively investigated 916 ESCC patients who underwent radical esophagectomy. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve, and compared with the 6th and 7th AJCC TNM classifications. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio, histological grade, T stage and modified N stage were integrated in the nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram for predicting the survival was 0.72, which showed better predictive ability of OS than the 6th or 7th TNM stages in the primary cohort (P < 0.001). The calibration curve showed high consistency between the nomogram and actual observation. The decision curve analysis showed more potential of clinical application of the prediction models compared with TNM staging system. Moreover, our findings were supported by the validation cohort. The proposed nomogram showed more accurate prognostic prediction for patients with ESCC after radical esophagectomy.
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