Characterizing the electrical parameters of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) usually requires a lot of time to fabricate complete devices. Here, machine learning (ML) is used to reduce the device fabrication process and predict the electrical performance of PSCs. Using ML algorithms and 814 valid data cleaned from 2735 peer‐reviewed publications, ML prediction models are built for bandgap, conduction band minimum, valence band maximum of perovskites, and electrical parameters of PSCs. These prediction models have excellent accuracy, and the root mean square error of the prediction models for bandgap and power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 0.064 eV and 1.58%, respectively. Among the many factors that affect the performance of PSCs, those factors play a major role in the lack of comprehensive explanation. Through the prediction model of electrical parameters and Shapley Additive explanations theory, the factors affecting the PCE of PSCs are explained and analyzed. It can not only verify the objective physical laws from the perspective of ML, but also conclude that among the 13 features, the content of formamidinium/NH2CHNH2+ plays the most important role in improving the PCE of PSCs. These results show that ML has great application possibilities in the PSC field.
Passive
radiative cooling is a spontaneous pattern of reflecting
sunlight and radiating heat into the cold outer space through transparent
atmosphere windows. In this work, an ordered-porous-array polymethyl
methacrylate (OPA-PMMA) film with the properties of excellent radiative
cooling is designed and studied. An ultra-high emissivity of 98.4%
in the mid-infrared region (3–25 μm) and a good solar
reflectance of 85% in the ultraviolet and near-infrared solar spectra
(0.2–2.5 μm) were achieved. The surface temperature of
the OPA-PMMA film is 16 °C lower than that of the smooth-surface
PMMA films and is 8.6 °C lower than that of the commercial white
paint in the outdoor test. The structure of the OPA plays an important
role in improving solar reflectivity and emissivity. The films are
fabricated using a one-step low-cost process that can be applied for
large-scale production. It is vital for promoting radiative cooling
as a viable energy technology for buildings, fabric, or equipment
that need a cooling environment.
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