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This short but systematic work demonstrates a link between Chebyshev's theorem and the explicit integration in cosmological time t and conformal time η of the Friedmann equations in all dimensions and with an arbitrary cosmological constant Λ. More precisely, it is shown that for spatially flat universes an explicit integration in t may always be carried out, and that, in the non-flat situation and when Λ is zero and the ratio w of the pressure and energy density in the barotropic equation of state of the perfect-fluid universe is rational, an explicit integration may be carried out if and only if the dimension n of space and w obey some specific relations among an infinite family. The situation for explicit integration in η is complementary to that in t. More precisely, it is shown in the flat-universe case with Λ = 0 that an explicit integration in η can be carried out if and only if w and n obey similar relations among a well-defined family which we specify, and that, when Λ = 0, an explicit integration can always be carried out whether the space is flat, closed, or open. We also show that our method may be used to study more realistic cosmological situations when the equation of state is nonlinear.Keywords: Astrophysical fluid dynamics, cosmology with extra dimensions, alternatives to inflation, initial conditions and eternal universe, cosmological applications of theories with extra dimensions, string theory and cosmology.

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L'accès aux archives de la revue « Annales de l'I. H. P., section C » (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/anihpc) implique l'accord avec les conditions générales d'utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d'une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright. Article numérisé dans le cadre du programme Numérisation de documents anciens mathématiques http://www.numdam.org/

The nonlinear non-local elliptic equation governing the deflection of charged plates in electrostatic actuators is studied under the pinned and the clamped boundary conditions. Results concerning the existence, construction and approximation, and behaviour of classical and singular solutions with respect to the variation of physical parameters of the equation in various situations are presented.

Locally concentrated solutions in the Born-Infeld theory are presented. In particular, existence and uniqueness theorems are established for multicentred magnetic string solutions induced from a Higgs field over a closed Riemann surface or a Euclidean plane. On any given compact surface, the Born-Infeld parameter may be adjusted under a necessary and sufficient condition to allow the existence of an arbitrarily large number of strings.

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