Multiple brain regions respond to harmful nociceptive stimuli. However, it remains unclear as to whether behavioral avoidance of such stimuli can be modulated within the same or distinct brain networks. Here, we found subgroups of neurons localized within a well-defined brain region capable of mediating both innate and conditioned nociceptive avoidance in Drosophila. Neurons in the ventral, but not the dorsal, of the multiple-layer organized fan-shaped body (FB) are responsive to electric shock (ES). Silencing ES-responsive neurons, but not non-responsive neurons, leads to reduced avoidance of harmful stimuli, including ES and heat shock. Activating these neurons consistently triggers avoidance and can serve as an unconditional stimulus in an aversive classical conditioning task. Among the three groups of responsive neurons identified, two also have reduced activity in ES-conditioned odor avoidance. These results demonstrate that both innate and conditioned nociceptive avoidance might be represented within neurons confined to a single brain region.
The inflammatory reaction has been proven to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma. The platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are inexpensive and reliable inflammatory biomarkers. However, evidence of the relationship between PLR and NLR in patients with uterine leiomyoma is limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between PLR and NLR in patients with incident uterine leiomyoma. This cross-sectional study included 763 patients with uterine leiomyoma who were first diagnosed in our hospital between January 2016 and December 2016. Patient characteristics were collected for univariate analysis, smooth curve fitting, and multivariate piecewise linear regression. Overall, 722 patients with an average age of 40.16 ± 5.99 years were included. The average PLR was 161.22 ± 65.33. Univariate analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between PLR and NLR (
P
<
0.0001
). In addition, the non-linear relationship between the PLR and NLR was tested using smooth curve fitting after adjusting for potential confounding factors. The multivariate piecewise linear regression model showed that there was a significant positive correlation between PLR and NLR in both PLR <226.45 (β 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.01;
P
<
0.0001
) and >226.45 (β 0.00, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.00;
P
=
0.0026
). In conclusion, PLR and NLR are positively correlated in patients with uterine leiomyoma. This result clarifies the promoting role of inflammation in the occurrence of uterine leiomyoma.
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