Motivation: Automated annotation of neuroanatomical connectivity statements from the neuroscience literature would enable accessible and large-scale connectivity resources. Unfortunately, the connectivity findings are not formally encoded and occur as natural language text. This hinders aggregation, indexing, searching and integration of the reports. We annotated a set of 1377 abstracts for connectivity relations to facilitate automated extraction of connectivity relationships from neuroscience literature. We tested several baseline measures based on co-occurrence and lexical rules. We compare results from seven machine learning methods adapted from the protein interaction extraction domain that employ part-of-speech, dependency and syntax features.Results: Co-occurrence based methods provided high recall with weak precision. The shallow linguistic kernel recalled 70.1% of the sentence-level connectivity statements at 50.3% precision. Owing to its speed and simplicity, we applied the shallow linguistic kernel to a large set of new abstracts. To evaluate the results, we compared 2688 extracted connections with the Brain Architecture Management System (an existing database of rat connectivity). The extracted connections were connected in the Brain Architecture Management System at a rate of 63.5%, compared with 51.1% for co-occurring brain region pairs. We found that precision increases with the recency and frequency of the extracted relationships.Availability and implementation: The source code, evaluations, documentation and other supplementary materials are available at http://www.chibi.ubc.ca/WhiteText.Contact: paul@chibi.ubc.caSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Online.

Fistula-associated perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma is an uncommon malignant transformation of chronic fistula-in-ano. MRI can provide important diagnostic information on patient with this suspicious inflammatory condition. Although radical resection of the tumour with abdominoperineal resection remains the surgical treatment of choice. Combined chemoradiotherapy may be appropriate for these patients with promising results.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted intense research interest due to their unique properties, including low cost, large-scale processability, and high efficiency. In the past several years, the PSC field has witnessed a remarkable increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to over 25%, [1] which was comparable to the most established decades-old commercial photovoltaic technologies. To date, most of the highly efficient PSCs were prepared by the solution-chemistry approach. [2][3][4][5][6][7] However, for scaled-up production, many issues, such as the wide processing window, light trapping (which has been widely used in traditional thinfilm solar cells), and fabrication of scaledup perovskite film with high-quality, remain to be solved.The "annealing window" (the storage time of the intermediate-state films As the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is increased to as high over 25%, it becomes pre-eminent to study a scalable process with wide processing window to fabricate large-area uniform perovskite films with good light-trapping performance. A stable and uniform intermediate-state complex film is obtained by using tetramethylene sulfoxide (TMSO), which extends the annealing window to as long as 20 min, promotes the formation of a high-quality perovskite film with larger grains (over 400 nm) and spontaneously forms the surface texture to result in an improved fill factor and open-circuit voltage (V oc ). Moreover, the superior surface texture significantly increases the long-wavelength response, leading to an improved short-circuit current density (J sc ). As a result, the maximum PCE of 21.14% is achieved based on a simple planar cell structure without any interface passivation. Moreover, a large area module with active area of 6.75 cm 2 is assembled using the optimized TMSO process, showing efficiency as high as 16.57%. The study paves the way to the rational design of highly efficient PSCs for potential scaled-up production.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood intraocular tumor, affecting millions of patients worldwide. ) was demonstrated to be involved in the tumorigenesis of various human cancers; however, its role in RB remains undetermined. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were used to determine the expression levels of miR-140-5p, cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP), and cell adhesion molecule 3 (CADM3) in RB tissues and cell-lines. The proliferation ability was detected by cell-counting kit 8 (CCK-8), Edu staining, and colony formation assay. The cell cycle and migration and invasion abilities were measured by flow cytometry, wound-healing assay and Transwell assays, respectively. The correlation between miR-140-5p and CEMIP/CADM3 were then confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The results showed that miR-140-5p expression was significantly decreased; however, CEMIP and CADM3 expression was increased in RB tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-140-5p inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of RB cells. We also found that miR-140-5p inhibited CEMIP and CADM3 expressions in RB cells. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-140-5p might negatively regulate the transcriptional activities of CEMIP and CADM3 by targeting their 3'-UTR. Therefore, we suggested that miR-140-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RB through CEMIP and CADM3.

Exploration of low‐temperature solution‐processing methodologies for fabricating planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is important for industrial mass production and helps simplify the manufacture and design of flexible perovskite solar cells. However, the interface between electron‐transport layers (ETLs) and perovskite layers is crucial for the development of highly efficient flexible PSCs. We report a drastically improved solar cell efficiency through surface optimization of TiO2 ETLs by using a simple and inexpensive ionic compound that shows high optical transparency and superior electron mobility. Solution‐derived TiO2 nanocrystalline films are employed at low temperatures as ETLs through solution processing. The modification of TiO2 with NH4Cl can increase the interactions between the surface and organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites; Cl anions lead to a stronger interfacial coupling between TiO2 and perovskite. Ammonium cations tend to combine with perovskite. Due to this strong combined effect of the ionic compound, the efficiency of PSC from low‐temperature solution processing reaches 18.71 % on rigid glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) for an improvement of 12.6 % over a control device using bare TiO2. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can reach an efficiency of 17.69 % for the ITO/PEN substrates. This work contributes to the evolution of flexible PSCs with simple fabrication and high device performance.

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