The meibomian gland squeezer may be safe, effective, and helpful for treatment of MGD and may offer an attractive treatment option for some patients with MGD, although it can cause mild pain or discomfort.

HF administration was a valid therapeutic approach for DR treatment, oriented at the blockade of endoplasmic reticulum- and mitochondria-dependent oxidative stress-induced retinal neurodegeneration including RGC apoptosis.

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Purpose. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of ferroptosis-related biomarkers, namely, iron (Fe), lipid peroxide (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), and glutathione (GSH) in DR in the attempt to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers. Methods. This study included 30 NPDR patients, 30 PDR patients, and 30 healthy subjects matched in age and sex. The concentrations of Fe, LPO, ROS, GPX4, and GSH in serum of the subjects were measured. Results. Compared with the normal group, GPX4 and GSH concentrations were significantly lower, and LPO, Fe, and ROS concentrations were significantly higher in DR patients. Compared with the PDR group, the NPDR group had higher concentrations of LPO, Fe, and ROS and lower concentrations of GPX4 and GSH, but there was no statistical difference in Fe, GPX4, and GSH. ROC curve shows that ferroptosis-related biomarkers have accumulated accuracy in NPDR and PDR. Conclusion. This study shows that ferroptosis-related biomarkers may be involved in the pathological process of DR and can be used as one of the biomarkers of DR.

Objective. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Qing-Gan Li-Shui formulation (QGLSF) in treating primary open glaucoma (POAG) by network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Methods. The active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of GLQSF (prepared with Prunella vulgaris, Kudzu root, Plantago asiatica, and Lycium barbarum) were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Yet Another Traditional Chinese Medicine database (YATCM). The targets of POAG were screened out with GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and DrugBank databases. The Venny platform was used to summarize the core targets. Topological analysis was performed using Cytoscape3.8.0. A protein-protein interaction network was plotted by STRING online. The key targets were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Finally, the effects of APIs were verified by a model of chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2)-induced retinal ganglion cells-5 (RGC-5). Results. The main APIs were selected as quercetin (Que) by network pharmacology. Nine clusters of QGLSF targets were obtained by the PPI network analysis, including AKT-1, TP53, and JUN. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these targets were mainly involved in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. By in vitro experiments, Que promoted cell proliferation. The secretion of AKT-1, TP53, JUN, AGE, and RAGE in the cell culture supernatant decreased, as shown by ELISA. The mRNA levels of AKT-1, TP53, JUN, and RAGE decreased, as shown by RT-PCR. QGLSF may employ the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway to counter POAG. Conclusion. This study preliminarily elucidates the efficacy and mechanism of QGLSF in the treatment of POAG.