This study goes beyond previous research by examining the association between filial discrepancy domains and depressive symptoms. Cultural relevancy of health interventions is important in the context of Chinese communities. Health care professionals are suggested to be aware of the depressive symptoms of U.S. Chinese older adults with high filial expectations and low receipt.
Low birth weight is associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in adulthood. However, information is limited regarding its impact on heart rate (HR), an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the hypothesis that birth weight is associated with resting HR at different ages. The study sample consisted of 6,282 black and white participants enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study, aged 4 to 52 years with a mean age of 19.4 years. Resting HR data were available in 2,344 children (4–11 years old), 1,622 adolescents (12–19 years old) and 2,316 adults (20–52 years old). Birth certificate records, including information on birth weight and gestational age, were obtained from the Louisiana State Office of Public Health. HR showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing age, with blacks having a lower slope than whites. In multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, race, sex, BMI and gestational age, the association between lower birth weight (kg) and increased HR (beats/min) was significant in adults (regression coefficient, β= −1.21, p=0.006 in adults), but not significant in children (β= −0.31, p=0.461) and adolescents (β= −0.72, p=0.157). The association did not differ significantly between races. The birth weight-HR association did not change markedly in the models without adjustment for BMI. In conclusion, these results suggest that the association of prenatal growth retardation with increased cardiovascular disease risk in later life might be partly through its relationship with resting HR.
Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure increases cardiovascular disease risk. The objective of this study was to examine the association of SHS exposure in childhood and adulthood with adult arterial thickness. Methods The study cohort consisted of 415 nonsmoking adults (301 whites and 114 blacks; ages 26.2-48.0 years) enrolled in 2004-2010. The arterial wall thickness was measured as common, bulb and internal carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). SHS exposure data in childhood and adulthood were obtained by a questionnaire survey. Results Increased adult composite carotid IMT was significantly associated with SHS exposure (regression coefficient, β=53.1 μm, p<0.001) after adjusting for race, age, gender, education, income, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio, with blacks (β=81.2 μm, p=0.005) and whites (β=38.9 μm, p=0.017) showing the same direction of the association. Furthermore, the SHS exposure in childhood showed a relatively stronger association with increased carotid IMT than the exposure in adulthood based on standardized βs (0.180 vs 0.106); the same trend in the difference between childhood and adulthood exposure was noted for duration of SHS exposure (0.186 vs 0.145). The covariates-adjusted composite carotid IMT showed a significant increasing trend by the order of exposure status of none, adulthood only, childhood only and both (p for trend<0.001). Conclusions If the relationship is causal, the associations observed in this study suggest that more awareness should be raised on the dangers of SHS exposure during childhood so that its effect may be mitigated and controlled early in the cardiovascular disease process.
Low birth weight is associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, including heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that birth weight is related to blood pressure-heart rate product (double product, DP), an index of oxygen consumption and workload of the heart, at different ages. Resting heart rate, blood pressure, and birth weight data were available in 2,340 children (4–11 years), 1,621 adolescents (12–19 years), and 2,315 adults (20–52 years) from the Bogalusa Heart Study (total n=6,276). After adjustment for age, sex, race, and body mass index, gestational age-adjusted birth weight was inversely associated with DP, with per 100 gram decrease in birth weight associated with an increase of 12.8, 22.9, and 23.2 beats/min×mmHg in DP in children (p=0.016), adolescents (p=0.0007), and adults (p=0.0006), respectively. An amplifying trend of the association with age was observed in the total sample (P=0.002). In conclusion, birth weight is associated with increased DP beginning in childhood, which may partly mediate the association between low birth weight and increased cardiovascular risk later in life.
Body composition has been proposed as an important modifiable risk factor of cognitive decline in multiple epidemiological studies. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function remains controversial and conflicting in diverse populations. This study aims to investigate the association between BMI and cognitive decline in U.S. Chinese older adults. Classifications of BMI are based on Asian criteria recommended by WHO (underweight: BMI<18.5, normal weight: 18.5≤BMI<23, overweight: 23≤bmi<27.5, obesity: bmi≥27.5). Logistic regression models were conducted. Compared with normal-weight participants, underweight participants were more likely to experience decline in episodic memory (OR=1.68, p=0.002) and work memory (OR=1.38, p=0.05). Being overweight and obesity were not associated with cognitive function decline. The findings indicate that underweight could potentially be a risk factor of cognitive function decline among U.S. Chinese older adults. Perspective studies may further investigate the association between weight loss and cognitive decline for the development of prevention strategies.
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