When an emergency event occurs, emergency plans are usually employed to respond the emergency situations in order to prevent or mitigate possible losses of life and property. Therefore, emergency plans play an important and indispensable part in emergency decision-making. With regard to the question of how to generate emergency plans, extant studies have discussed the problem from various perspectives, and fruitful results have been obtained. Dynamic evolution is a typical feature of emergency events, and usually involves the updating of related information regarding an emergency event. Existing studies have considered dynamic evolution during the emergency plan generation process only from a single perspective, neglecting the related need to update information as dynamic evolution occurs. Information related to the emergency event plays a vital role in the emergency plan generation process, and needs to be considered. To overcome these limitations, the present study proposes a novel dynamic emergency plan generation method based on integer linear programming, which considers different emergency situations and limited resources. An illustrative example and descriptive comparisons are provided to demonstrate the novelty, superiority, and validity of the proposed method.
The rolling and sliding state of the tread rubber material within contact patch was very important to the handling stability and safety of the vehicle. In this paper, first, the absolute coordinate system was introduced into the digital image correlation method, which improved the ability of the traditional digital image correlation method to solve the large deformation of polymer material surface. Second, a new calculation method of rolling friction coefficient based on the brush model was proposed. Third, a non‐contact full‐field rolling dynamics experimental device was developed to study the effects of carbon black components, rotational speed and vertical load on the rolling mechanical characteristics of tread rubber material. On this basis, the rolling mechanical characteristics of tread rubber material with different formulations were obtained by analyzing the distribution properties of global strain rate, full‐field longitudinal speed and full‐field longitudinal acceleration and the variation laws of transverse/longitudinal strain rate, trajectory of marked points, stress‐strain hysteresis curve and rolling friction coefficient. Finally, the influence mechanism of carbon black composition on rolling mechanical properties of tread rubber material was revealed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.