A stroke is a focal cerebral insult that frequently causes severe neurological deficit and mortality. Recent studies have demonstrated that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise for neurovascular remodeling and neurological function recovery following a stroke. Rather than a direct replacement of parenchymal brain cells, the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs is suggested to be the secretion of soluble factors. Specifically, emerging data described MSCs as being able to release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain a variety of cargo including proteins, lipids, DNA and various RNA species. The released EVs can target neurocytes and vascular cells and modify the cell's functions by delivering the cargo, which are considered to mediate the neural restoration effects of MSCs. Therefore, EVs may be developed as a novel cell-free therapy for neurological disorders. In the present review, the current advances regarding the components, functions and therapeutic potential of EVs are summarized and the use of MSC-derived EVs as a promising approach in the treatment of stroke are highlighted.

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A new relation between Prym varieties of arbitrary morphisms of algebraic curves and integrable systems is discovered. The action of maximal commutative subalgebras of the formal loop algebra of GLn defined on certain infinite-dimensional Grassmannians is studied. It is proved that every finite-dimensional orbit of the action of traceless elements of these commutative Lie algebras is isomorphic to the Prym variety associated with a morphism of algebraic curves. Conversely, it is shown that every Prym variety can be realized as a finite-dimensional orbit of the action of traceless diagonal elements of the formal loop algebra, which defines the multicomponent KP system.

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Thermoelectric devices are effective in harvesting energy from waste heat with a temperature difference relative to the environment, which can be applied in vehicles, aircrafts, and power plants. In our research, we developed a thin, light-weight, and flexible thermoelectric nanogenerator based on the nanocomposite of silver telluride (Ag 2 Te) nanowires and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The Seebeck coefficient of the nanocomposite was determined to be 100 μV/K. A linear relationship between the output voltage and the temperature difference across the thermoelectric nanogenerator was observed. Not only for the purpose of energy harvesting, the thermoelectric nanogenerator can also function as a self-powered sensor for water temperature measurement. Increasing research efforts have been devoted to renewable energy owing to the large energy consumption in recent years. Comparing to fossil fuel, renewable energy with the advantages of reduced carbon emission and secure long-term energy supply is more mandatory for the sustainable development of the world. Nanogenerators, which are emerging new energy technologies that can harvest renewable energy from the environment, have attracted global attention.1-4 Thermoelectric nanogenerator, which works based on thermoelectric effect, 5-7 is capable of converting waste heat into electricity with a temperature difference relative to environmental temperature. Many studies [8][9][10][11] have demonstrated that nanomaterials can enhance their ZT values by suppressing the thermal conductivity compare to their bulk counterparts. The reduction of thermal conductivity in nanomaterials is because phonon scattering and energy-dependent scattering of electrical carriers occur in the presence of nanoscale interfaces.12 These properties result in nanomaterials are good candidates to fabricate thermoelectric nanogenerator to harvest tiny-scale thermal energy 13,14 and show the potential to be applied in the collection of heat energy from vehicles, aircrafts, and power plants. In addition, thermoelectric nanogenerator can be used as alternative to photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into electrical power. [15][16][17][18] In this paper, we developed a thin, light-weight, and flexible thermoelectric nanogenerator (Figure 1a) based on the nanocomposite Ag 2 Te nanowires and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The Ag 2 Te nanowires were synthesized at ambient temperature, which means that the energy-saving concept can be completely utilized, starting from the nanomaterial preparation. The as-prepared thermoelectric nanogenerator showed a Seebeck coefficient of 100 μV/K and a linear relationship between the output voltage and the temperature difference across the device. Under a temperature difference of 25• C, the thermoelectric nanogenerator provided an output voltage of 2.6 mV. And we have demonstrated that the thermoelectric nanogenerator can be applied as a self-powered sensor for water temperature measureme...

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