Background Gut microbes were closely related to women’s health. Previous studies reported that the gut microbes of premenopausal women were different from those of postmenopausal women. However, little was known about the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and menopausal syndrome (MPS). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between MPS and gut microbes. Methods Patients with MPS (P group, n = 77) and healthy women (H group, n = 24) at menopause were recruited in this study. The stool specimen and clinical parameters (demographic data, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), et al) of participants’ were collected. We evaluated the differences in gut microbes by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We used LEfSe to identify gut microbes with varying abundances in different groups. The Spearman correlation coefficients of clinical parameters and gut microbes were calculated. PICRUSt was used to predict the potential KEGG Ortholog functional profiles of microbial communities. Results The abundance of 14 species differed substantially between the MPS and menopausal healthy women (LDA significance threshold > 2.0) according to LEfSe analysis. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, it was discovered that E2 had a positive correlation with Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Acinetobacter guillouiae (p < 0.05, these three species were enriched in menopausal healthy women), while FSH and LH had a negative correlation with them (p < 0.05). KEGG level3 metabolic pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the MPS (p < 0.05), according to functional prediction by PICRUST and analyzed by Dunn test. Conclusion There was gut microbiota dysbiosis in MPS, which is reflected in the deficiency of the abundance of Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis and Acinetobacter guillouiae related to the level of sex hormones. In MPS individuals, species with altered abundances and unique functional pathways were found.
IntroductionChange in the composition of intestinal microbiota is associated with metabolic disorders such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsTo understand how the microbiota impacts the development of gestational diabetes mellitus, we profiled the intestinal microbiome of 54 pregnant women, including 27 GDM subjects, by employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, we conducted targeted metabolomics assays to validate the identified pathways with overrepresented metabolites.ResultsWe evaluated the patterns of changing abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTU) between GDM and the healthy counterparts over three timepoints. Based on the significant OTUs, we inferred 132 significantly altered metabolic pathways in GDM. And identified two overrepresented metabolites of pregnancy hormone, butyrate and mevalonate, as potential intermediary metabolites of intestinal microbiota in GDM. Finally, we validated the impacts of the intestinal microbiota on GDM by demonstrating consistent changes of the serum levels of progesterone, estradiol, butyrate, and mevalonate in an independent cohort.DiscussionOur findings confirm that alterations in the microbiota play a role in the development of GDM by impacting the metabolism of pregnancy hormones. This provides a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of GDM and introduces potential biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and prevention of the disease.
Purpose The association between gut microbes dysbiosis and menopause syndrome (MPS) is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between MPS and gut microbes. Methods 77 MPS patients (P group) and 24 menopausal healthy women (H group) were recruited in this study. Participants were collected their stool specimen and clinical parameters (including demographic data, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), et al ). We looked at the differences in gut microbiota between two groups by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. LEfSe was used to identify bacteria with varying abundances in different groups. Clinical parameters and microbial species Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated. PICRUSt was used to predict the potential KEGG Ortholog functional profiles of microbial communities. Results The abundance of 14 species differed substantially between the MPS and menopausal healthy women (LDA significance threshold > 2.0) according to LEfSe analysis. Using Spearman's correlation analysis, it was discovered that Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Acinetobacter guillouiae were enriched in menopausal healthy women, with a positive correlation with the E2 and a negative correlation with the FSH and LH (p ༜ 0.05); the abundances of species had a close correlation with the other clinical parameters, including the KI score, hot flash, et al. KEGG L3 metabolic pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism were also enriched in the MPS (p ༜ 0.05), according to functional prediction by PICRUST and analyzed by Dunn test. Conclusion There were gut microbes dysbiosis in MPS, which is reflected in the deficiency of the abundance of Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis and Acinetobacter guillouiae related to the level of sex hormones. In MPS individuals, species with altered abundances and unique functional pathways were found.
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