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Previous studies have revealed that the sternum can provide a method for assessing sex in diverse population groups. In the current study, sternal measurements were recorded from three-dimensional multidetector-computed tomographic images of 255 individuals (112 females and 143 males) in Western China. Results demonstrated that the difference between male and female mean values for all linear dimensions and manubrium index was highly significant. The stepwise analysis of four linear sterna dimensions and manubrium index, in which the sternum index, total length and manubrium width were selected, yielded a sex classification accuracy rate of 81.6% and a sex bias of 2.6%. Furthermore, multivariate discriminant function equations incorporating dimensions of the manubrium and individual sternal dimensions, such as the total length of the sternum and the sternum body, may also be of value in the estimation of sex. The results of the present study with osteometric equations provide an effective method for assessing sex in Western Chinese, particularly in situations where the pelvis or bones of the extremities are not preserved, and the CT-VRT may be a practical method for estimation of sexual dimorphism.