In multivariate analysis, DSAs were the only factor highly associated with graft failure (P ‫؍‬ .0001; odds ratio ‫؍‬ 21.3). Anti-HLA allosensitization was higher overall in women than in men (30.8% vs 12.1%; P < .0001) and higher in women with 1 (P ‫؍‬ .008) and 2 or more pregnancies (P ‫؍‬ .0003) than in men. We conclude that the presence of anti-DPB1 DSAs is associated with graft failure in MUD hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (Blood. 2011;118(22):5957-5964)

ObjectiveIn patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, it is not known whether altered serum iron markers are directly because of the infection or the associated liver injury. We determined the serum iron status of patients with chronic HBV infection, and investigated whether it is HBV infection or HBV-related liver injury that likely causes abnormal serum iron markers in chronic HBV infection.Materials and methodsFor a retrospective study, chronic HBV-infected patients (80 patients with cirrhosis and 76 patients without cirrhosis) and 58 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum alanine transaminase levels were measured to ascertain liver damage. Indicators of iron status included serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin.ResultsCompared with noncirrhotic patients and healthy controls, the serum transferrin of cirrhotic patients was lower and the serum iron and ferritin values were higher (P<0.001, all). In cirrhotic patients, the serum iron and ferritin levels correlated positively with serum alanine transaminase levels and the transferrin levels were inversely related to both end-stage liver disease scores and iron levels (all P<0.01).ConclusionSerum iron markers tended to be aberrant in chronic HBV-infected patients with cirrhosis. The liver injury associated with HBV infection, but not chronic HBV infection directly, is likely the main cause for iron metabolism disorder.

The role of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in laryngopharyngeal reflux is controversial. In this study, we used an animal model to investigate the association between LES dysfunction and reflux laryngitis. Twelve healthy New Zealand albino rabbits (2.5-3.5 kg) were utilized in this study. The animals were divided into two groups. Eight rabbits underwent total cardiomyectomy to induce reflux, and the remaining four rabbits underwent a control sham operation. A laryngoscopy and a 24-hour intra-esophageal pH-metry were performed prior to surgery and again 2 and 8 weeks postsurgery. After the final laryngoscopy, all animals were sacrificed to obtain histological results. Total cardiomyectomy significantly increased the reflux index, the duration of the longest reflux episode and the total number of episodes that occurred in 24 h postsurgery. No significant difference was observed in the reflux finding score (RFS) between preoperative and 2-week postoperative rabbits (P = 0.11). But there was a statistically significant change in the RFS before and 8 weeks after the induction of reflux from 4.6 ± 0.9 to 8.3 ± 3.6 (P = 0.02). Submucous gland hyperplasia and inflammation were significantly increased in the reflux group compared to the control group. The results of this study suggest that chronic lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction is associated with reflux laryngitis in rabbits.

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Background: A meta-analysis was conducted on the correlation between intestinal flora and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of GDM.Methods: The PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, Springer, and Web of Science databases were searched from the establishment of the databases to December 31, 2020, to retrieve randomized control trials (RCTs) involving GDM patients. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention 5.0.2 was used to assess the bias risk of the included articles, and Rev Man 5.3 was used for the meta-analysis.Results: A total of 7 studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising 665 study participants.The meta-analysis results showed that the GDM patients in the experimental group had a lower level of Bifidobacterium [MD (mean difference) =-2.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.54 to -1.45; Z=4.66;