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For over thirty years researchers have suggested that both tangible user interfaces and digital games have potential to support learning. Each domain now has a well-developed body of literature about how to design them to enable learning benefits. What is needed is a way to bring this knowledge, which is often lengthy, dense, and jargon laden to design practice. To address this need, we designed Tango Cards-a card-based design tool. In this paper we report on the design and evaluation of the cards. We found that Tango Cards enabled a variety of uses that made design knowledge about tangible learning games accessible to designers. We identify and discuss how specific card features support or limit use by designers. We draw on our findings to set forth design considerations that may support others to create design tools (card-based or alike) that make academic design knowledge accessible to designers.

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To identify the risk factors for new-onset seizures after pediatric LT and to assess their clinical implications and long-term prognosis. The clinical and laboratory data of 27 consecutive children who underwent LT from January 2007 to December 2010 in our center were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into seizures group and a non-seizures group. Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative data were collected. Seizures occurred in four children, an incidence of 14.8%. All exhibited generalized tonic-clonic seizures within the first two wk after LT. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors associated with seizures after pediatric LT included gender, pediatric end-stage liver disease score before surgery, Child-Pugh score before surgery, serum total bilirubin after surgery, and trough TAC level. Multivariate analysis showed that trough TAC level was the only independent risk factor associated with the seizures. All children who experienced seizures survived with good graft function and remained seizure-free without anti-epileptic drugs over a mean follow-up period of 33.7 ± 14.6 months. High trough TAC level was the predominant factor that contributed to seizures in the early post-operative period after pediatric LT. High PELD and Child-Pugh scores before LT and high post-operative serum Tbil may be contributory risk factors for TAC-related seizures.

The monsoon is a global climate phenomenon. This paper addresses the seasonal reversal of atmospheric circulation and the transition of dry/wet spells in the monsoon regions worldwide. The NCEP/NCAR 850 hPa wind reanalysis data for 1950±1999 and the upper-tropospheric water vapour (UTWV) band brightness temperature (BT) data observed by NOAA polar orbiting satellites for 1980±1995 are used. In the tropics, there are three large wet-UTWV centres. The summer monsoon in the subtropics can be de®ned as the expansion of these centres associated with the in¯uence of cross-equatorial¯ows. Speci®cally, the dry/ wet spell transition is determined by the BT values that are smaller than 244 K. The regions of the South and North African monsoons, the Asian-northwest Paci®c and Australian-Southwest Paci®c monsoons, and the North and South American monsoons are examined with a focus on the dry/wet spell transition and stream ®eld features.Findings suggest that the summer monsoons over many subtropical regions can be de®ned by both cross-equatorial ows and dry/wet spell transitions. In the mid-and lowlatitudes, there exist six major dry/wet spell transition regions with a dry or wet period lasting more than one month. The region of most signi®cant change is located over the subtropical North Africa±Asia±northwest Paci®c. The others appear over subtropical South Africa, Indonesia± Australia, southwest Paci®c, the Mexico-Caribbean Sea, and subtropical South America. In addition, three regions exist where only one of the two indicators (cross-equatorial ow and dry/wet transition) is satis®ed. The ®rst is near the Equator where the directions of cross-equatorial¯ows alternate but a dry/wet spell transition is never experienced. The second is over North Africa where only the dry/wet spell transition can be found but not the cross-equatorial ows. The third is over the mid-latitude regions in North China, South Africa, and northern North America. These regions are in¯uenced by cross-equatorial¯ows but the upper-tropospheric water vapour content is not as high as that in tropical regions.