Parenteral nutrition was a significant and independent risk of late-onset neonatal sepsis. This risk should be considered when implementing early parenteral nutrition in NICUs.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) species may cause enteric illness with sepsis in infancy. The clinical predictors distinguishing the two pathogens have not been comprehensively evaluated in this population in Taiwan. Methods: A retrospective matched caseecontrol study was conducted in a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan from January 1, 2003 to January 30, 2019. The patients with communityacquired P. aeruginosa sepsis were matched at a ratio of 1:2 by age and gender with controls (who developed NTS sepsis). Results: A total of 21 infants with community-acquired P. aeruginosa sepsis were identified; of these, 12 (57.1%) were male, and the mean AE standard deviation of age was 6.95 AE 2.47 months. Two independent predictors indicative of P. aeruginosa sepsis, as identified by multivariate analysis using conditional logistic regression, were hemoglobin level (Hb) (matched odds ratio [mOR], 0.155; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.027e0.900; p Z 0.038) and platelet count (mOR, 0.988, 95% CI, 0.976e1.000; p Z 0.049). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of Hb and platelet count for P. aeruginosa sepsis prediction were 0.855 and 0.803, respectively. With cutoff values for Hb of 10.7 g/dL and platelet count of 173,000/mL, the predictors had maximal diagnostic accuracy.