Research and development on the next generation wireless systems, namely 5G,
has experienced explosive growth in recent years. In the physical layer (PHY),
the massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technique and the use of high
GHz frequency bands are two promising trends for adoption. Millimeter-wave
(mmWave) bands such as 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 64 GHz, and 71 GHz, which were
previously considered not suitable for commercial cellular networks, will play
an important role in 5G. Currently, most 5G research deals with the algorithms
and implementations of modulation and coding schemes, new spatial signal
processing technologies, new spectrum opportunities, channel modeling, 5G proof
of concept (PoC) systems, and other system-level enabling technologies. In this
paper, we first investigate the contemporary wireless user equipment (UE)
hardware design, and unveil the critical 5G UE hardware design constraints on
circuits and systems. On top of the said investigation and design trade-off
analysis, a new, highly reconfigurable system architecture for 5G cellular user
equipment, namely distributed phased arrays based MIMO (DPA-MIMO) is proposed.
Finally, the link budget calculation and data throughput numerical results are
presented for the evaluation of the proposed architecture.Comment: Submitted to IEEE ACCESS. It has 18 pages, 17 figures, and 5 table
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for wireless communications has rapidly grown into a research hotspot as the mass production of high-performance, low-cost, intelligent UAVs become more practical and feasible. In the meantime, fifth generation (5G) wireless communications is being standardized and planned for deployment globally. During this process, UAVs are gradually being considered as an important part of 5G and expected to play a critical role in enabling more functional diversity for 5G communications. In this article, we conduct an in-depth investigation of mainstream UAV designs and state-of-the-art UAV enabled wireless communication systems. We propose a hierarchical architecture of UAVs with multi-layer and distributed features to facilitate a smooth integration of different mainstream UAVs into the next-generation wireless communication networks. Furthermore, we unveil the critical comprehensive design tradeoffs, in light of both communication and aerodynamic principles. Empirical models and satellite measurement data are used to conduct numerical analysis of the meteorological impacts of UAV enabled, 5G high bands communications.This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.
The fifth generation (5G) research and development has been fueled by many new breakthroughs in various areas. The recent progress in carrier aggregation (CA), licensed assisted access (LAA), massive MIMO (MaMi), beamforming techniques, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), compressive sensing (CS), machine learning, etc., has provided inspiring and promising approaches to address 5G and beyond challenges. However, at the user equipment (UE) end, limited design budget and hardware resources bring along a series of challenging implementation issues when delivering multi-standard and multi-functional wireless communications. In this paper, we first review recent advances in technical standards and critical enabling techniques, accompanied with several case studies of product developments. After the classification of typical 5G application and deployment scenarios, we propose and analyze a novel hardware reuse and multiplexing solution to facilitate cost-effective and energy-efficient UE design, followed by an investigation of state-of-the-art hardware development from the systems and circuits standpoint. Moreover, wireless UE hardware solutions, UE proof-of-concept (PoC) implementation and field test are proposed and discussed. Finally, the new trends of UE design and terahertz technologies for 5G and beyond applications are investigated and envisioned. LNA
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