Soybean is the most important genetically modified (GM) oilseed worldwide. Regulations relating to the approval of biotech soybean varieties and product labeling demand accurate and reliable detection techniques to screen for GM soya. High-quality extracted DNA is essential for DNA-based monitoring methods. Thus, four widely used protocols (SDS, CTAB, DP305, and DNeasy Plant Mini Kit) were compared in the present study to explore the most efficient DNA extraction method for raw soya matrix. The SDS-based method showed the highest applicability. Then crucial factors influencing DNA yield and purity, such as SDS lysis buffer component concentrations and organic compounds used to isolate DNA, were further investigated to improve the DNA obtained from raw soybean seeds, which accounts for the innovation of this work. As a result, lysis buffer (2% SDS (w/v), 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris/HCl, 50 mM EDTA, pH 8.0) and organic reagents including chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (24:1, v/v) (C: I), isopropanol, and ethanol corresponding to the extraction and first and second precipitation procedures, respectively, were used in the optimized SDS method. The optimized method was verified by extracting approximately 2020–2444 ng DNA/mg soybean with A260/280 ratios of 1.862–1.954 from five biotech and non-biotech soybean varieties. Only 0.5 mg of soya was required to obtain enough DNA for PCR amplification using the optimized SDS-based method. These results indicate that the screening protocol in the present study achieves the highest suitability and efficiency for DNA isolation from raw soya seed flour.

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Electrospinning technology is a common method for preparing ultrafine fibers and nanofibers. Using natural or synthetic polymers as raw materials, fibers with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to several microns can be prepared. Using hexafluoroisopropanol as solvent, electrospinning was applied to peanut protein, and the resulting fiber morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Using the Box-Behnken design for the response surface method, the solution concentration, voltage, and spinning speed were selected as the three main influencing factors, the peanut protein isolate(PPI) fiber diameter was the object of investigation, and the second-order multiple regression model was established through regression analysis. The results showed that solution mass fraction had the most significant effect on fiber diameter, followed by voltage and spinning speed. The optimal conditions obtained by the simulated annealing algorithm were, as follows: Solution mass fraction, 10%; voltage, 16 kV; spinning speed, 0.6 mL/h. The predicted fiber diameter was 151 nm and the actual fiber diameter obtained experimentally was 164 nm. The fiber diameter predicted by the model was in good agreement with the real value, indicating that the model effectively predicted the diameter of electrospun PPI fiber. The use of response surface methodology to design experiments is of great significance for nanofiber preparation by electrospinning technology.

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Background: Endostar and platinum were widely used in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion (MPE), but there was no unified conclusion on which scheme is the best. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Endostar, cisplatin, lobaplatin, Endostar combined with cisplatin, and Endostar combined with lobaplatin in the treatment of MPE so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed of sources on PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases published up to and including November 23, 2021, and screened out randomized controlled trial (RCT) concerning the efficacy of 5 interventions of pleural perfusion for MPE. The CochraneCollaboration tool was used for assessing the risk of bias, and a network meta-analysis was performed with Addis software based on the Bayesian framework. A decision tree model was used to complete a costeffectiveness analysis that was based on the direct medical costs and the probabilities were determined from the network meta-analysis. The one-way sensitivity analysis was presented with a tornado chart. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve was obtained after Monte Carlo simulation.Results: A total of 55 studies were included, comprising 3,379 total patients, excluding the unclear part, we evaluated as low risk of bias. According to the network meta-analysis, Endostar combined with lobaplatin had the highest effectiveness, followed by Endostar combined with cisplatin, Endostar, cisplatin, and lobaplatin.In the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) analysis, lobaplatin and Endostar were excluded as inferior schemes. With cisplatin as the comparison, the ICER of Endostar combined with cisplatin was yuan renminbi ¥22,648.31. With Endostar combined with cisplatin as the comparison, the ICER of Endostar combined with lobaplatin was ¥236,502.67. The results of sensitivity analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis were basically consistent.Conclusions: Endostar combined with lobaplatin had the highest effectiveness, but its ICER was relatively too high to be acceptable. Therefore, cisplatin alone and Endostar combined with cisplatin were more costeffective, and clinicians can choose the optimal treatment scheme based on the willingness to pay (WTP) of different patients with comprehensive consideration of effectiveness and economy.