Background: There is emerging evidence which suggests that cellular ROS including nitric oxide (NO) are important mediators for inflammation and osteoarthritis (OA). Water-soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene C60 (fullerol) nanoparticle has been demonstrated to have an outstanding ability to scavenge ROS. Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the effects of fullerol on inflammation and OA by in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: For in vitro experiments, primary mouse peritoneal macrophages and a macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were stimulated to inflammatory phenotypes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of fullerol. For the animal study, OA model was created by intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate into the knee joints of rats and fullerol was intravenously injected immediately after OA induction. Results: NO production and pro-inflammatory gene expression induced by LPS was significantly diminished by fullerol in both macrophage cell types. Meanwhile, fullerol could remarkably reduce phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and protein level of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and forkhead box transcription factor 1 within the nucleus. The animal study delineated that systematic administration of fullerol prevented OA, inhibiting inflammation of synovial membranes and the damage toward the cartilage chondrocytes in the OA joints. Conclusion: Antioxidative fullerol may have a potential therapeutic application for OA.
BackgroundAn increasing number of nerve guide scaffolds have been used to replace the “gold-standard” autologous nerve graft for repairing peripheral nerve defects, but nerve regeneration is usually far from complete.MethodsHere, we designed and prepared two functionalized self-assembling peptides (SAP) with the IKVAV and KLT sequences, which were derived from the combination of laminin and VEGF, respectively. Their mixtures were also obtained to combine the effects of neuroprotective and neurotrophic and proangiogenic factors.ResultsThe beneficial effect of peptide gels on nerve regeneration was evaluated in vitro using Schwann cells (SCs). As a useful intraluminal filling, a three-dimensional (3D) functionalized self-assembling peptide (SAP) nanofiber hydrogel was formed in the hollow lumen of chitosan conduits under physiological conditions. In vivo, the combination of the two functionalized SAP gels containing a chitosan nerve conduit significantly accelerated nerve healing and enhanced morphological repair.ConclusionBased on the current findings, the combined application of two functionalized SAP gels with chitosan nerve conduit is a promising therapy for the engineering of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Objective: To investigate the manifestation, mechanisms, and treatment of isolated partial femoral avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in adults.Methods: From January 2011 to December 2018, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of three patients with isolated partial femoral avulsion fractures of the PCL who were admitted to our institution. All of these patients were admitted to our emergency department within 24 h after injury. After physical examination and radiographs were taken and reviewed, all patients were admitted and underwent surgical treatment. In a 26-yearold man who underwent arthroscopic surgery through the traditional medial and lateral approach before finally converting to open surgery with the posterior approach, the fragment that was finally removed was partially attached to the PCL. In the other two patients, women aged 63 and 68 years, who underwent arthroscopic surgery via the traditional medial and lateral approach, the fragments were large and attached to most fibers of the PCL. We fixed the fragments using hollow screws in arthroscopic view. In addition, in the 63-year-old patient, an anchor was embedded to restore the tension of the PCL. Four weeks after surgery, the patients started to wear long leg braces in full extension with the tibia blocked up by cushion. Physical examinations were conducted and radiographs were taken preoperatively and at 4 weeks and 3 months after surgery to evaluate the condition of the injury. The range of motion and the Lysholm knee scoring scale for the knee joint were compared before and after the surgery.Results: For the three patients, the radiographs taken at 3 months postoperatively showed that the fixation of the screws did not fail, and the subchondral bone was generally normal compared to the preoperative radiographs. CT scanning at 3 months after surgery showed that the fracture healed in the original position of the avulsion site. For all patients, the affected knees presented as stable at physical examination 3 months after surgery; the Lachmann test and the anterior drawer test results were negative. In addition, the flexion-extension, internal rotation, and external rotation were approximately 0 -130 , 0 -30 , and 0 -40 in the 26-year-old patient, respectively. The flexion-extension, internal rotation, and external rotation were approximately 0 -100 , 0 -20 , and 0 -35 for the 63-year-old patient, respectively. The flexion-extension, internal rotation, and external rotation were approximately 0 -100 , 0 -15 , and 0 -20 for the 68-year-old patient, respectively. There was no pain or only little pain 3 months after surgery. There was no swelling or discomfort at the 3-month follow up. The Lysholm knee scores of the 68-year-old, 63-year-old, and 26-year-old patient were 80, 87, and 95 at 3 months after surgery, respectively, which were obviously improved postoperatively. Conclusion:The manifestation of isolated partial femoral avulsion fractures of the PCL in adults is often related to the injury mechanism, and surge...
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