This project analyzed 541,920 user queries submitted to and executed in an academic Website during a four-year period (May 1997 to May 2001) using a relational database. The purpose of the study is three-fold: (1) to understand Web users' query behavior; (2) to identify problems encountered by these Web users; (3) to develop appropriate techniques for optimization of query analysis and mining. The linguistic analyses focus on query structures, lexicon, and word associations using statistical measures such as Zipf distribution and mutual information. A data model with finest granularity is used for data storage and iterative analyses. Patterns and trends of querying behavior are identified and compared with previous studies.
High‐quality perovskite single crystals with large size are highly desirable for the fundamental research and high energy detection application. Here, a simple and convenient solution method, featuring continuous‐mass transport process (CMTP) by a steady self‐supply way, is shown to keep the growth of semiconductor single crystals continuously stable at a constant growth rate until an expected crystal size is achieved. A significantly reduced full width at half‐maximum (36 arcsec) of the (400) plane from the X‐ray rocking curve indicates a low angular dislocation of 6.8 × 106 cm−2 and hence a higher crystalline quality for the CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3) single crystals grown by CMTP as compared to the conventional inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) method. Furthermore, the CMTP‐based single crystals have lower trap density, reduced by nearly 200% to 4.5 × 109 cm−3, higher mobility increased by 187% to 150.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, and higher mobility–lifetime product increased by around 450% to 1.6 × 10−3 cm2 V−1, as compared with the ITC‐grown reference sample. The high performance of the CMTP‐based MAPbI3 X‐ray detector is comparable to that of a traditional high‐quality CdZnTe device, indicating the CMTP method as being a cost‐efficient strategy for high‐quality electronic‐grade semiconductor single crystals.
Background Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder; however, little research has explored the link between insomnia and atrial fibrillation (AF). Hypothesis Insomnia is associated with increased risk of AF in a Chinese population. Methods A total of 8371 Chinese participants (4314 males; mean age, 42.4 ± 13.1 years) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study to investigate the association between insomnia and AF. AF was assessed in a standard supine resting position with a 10‐s 12‐lead electrocardiograph (ECG) or by self‐reported history. Insomnia was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and a score of ≥6 was regarded as having insomnia. The association between insomnia and AF was determined by logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 8371 subjects, 1074 (12.8%) had different degrees of insomnia, and AF was observed in 50 subjects (0.60%). After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals with insomnia had moderately increased likelihood of suffering from AF compared with those without insomnia (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00‐3.70, P = 0.05). After stratifying data by age, a significant positive association was found in those age <40 years (OR: 6.52, 95% CI: 1.64‐25.83, P = 0.01), and a similar trend existed in males after stratifying by sex, although this relationship was not statistically significant (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 0.92‐4.83, P = 0.08). Conclusions Individuals with insomnia may have a higher risk of AF in the particular Chinese population assessed in this study. Age (<40 years) is a significant factor in the association between insomnia and AF.
The baculovirus nucleocapsid is formed through a rod-like capsid encapsulating a genomic DNA molecule of 80~180 kbp. The viral capsid is a large oligomer composed of many copies of various protein subunits. The assembly of viral capsids is a complex oligomerization process. The timing of expression of nucleocapsid-related proteins, transport pathways, and their interactions can affect the assembly process of preformed capsids. In addition, the selection of viral DNA and the injection of the viral genome into empty capsids are the critical steps in nucleocapsid assembly. This paper reviews the replication and recombination of baculovirus DNA, expression and transport of capsid proteins, formation of preformed capsids, DNA encapsulation, and nucleocapsid formation. This review will provide a basis for further study of the nucleocapsid assembly mechanism of baculovirus.
This prospective study included 68,759 Chinese male adults from Kailuan cohort of China who had a standardized medical examination between 2006 and 2007 and were followed up for approximately 8 years until occurrence of ASCVD, cancer or death or until December 31, 2014. Subjects were divided into four categories based on the quartiles of TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During follow-up, 2,916 males developed ASCVD and 1,884 developed cancer. Compared with the lowest quartile, the upper-most quartiles of TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C were all associated with increased ASCVD risk (HR 1.53; HR 1.16; HR 1.55); however, the upper-most quartiles of TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C were all negatively associated with cancer (HR0.84; HR 0.82; HR 0.80) and these associations were present after exclusion of incident cancers during the first 4 years of follow-up. In a word, we report that high TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations increased ASCVD incidence in a male population and that these lipid profiles were inversely associated with total cancer and several individual cancers.
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