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Figuring out the convergence and persistence of per capita CO2 emissions matters much for environmental policy makers in both developed and developing countries. The Kyoto Protocol aims at avoiding threat from climate warming for human beings. CO2 emissions have been viewed as the main cause of climate change in recent decades. Thus, loads of empirical studies contribute to investigate the convergence of per capita CO2 emissions by implementing various econometric models including as many sample countries as possible. By applying a battery of univariate unit root tests, quantile unit root test, and a newly developed quantile unit root test with Fourier function, we re-investigate the convergence, mean-reverting properties and asymmetric behavior of per capita CO2 emissions in 21 OECD countries. The findings show that per capita CO2 emissions of Austria

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Contribution/ OriginalityThis study documents the nonlinear relation between economic growth, public debt and policy tools. Based on ADL test for the threshold cointegration method, we find asymmetric adjustments of public debt to economic growth in the short term. Furthermore, fiscal policy could cut public debt more obvious in comparison with monetary policy.