In order to address the issue of multi-energy system fuel cells having a short life cycle and low fuel efficiency, a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle was developed. The goal of this research is to use wavelet transformation to simulate, evaluate, and regulate the multi-energy system of a fuel cell hybrid car. To begin, a hybrid model of the fuel cell and an overall dynamic model of the fuel cell, as well as a DC/DC converter model, are constructed in accordance with the simulation environment. Second, the hybrid vehicle system's power information is successfully captured, and the power signal acquired is processed using the wavelet transform. The fuel cell power control and the composite power supply's power allocation module are independently input into the hybrid system's low frequency and high frequency power requirements. PI control is used to regulate the power of the storage device in the hybrid power system, as well as the power settings of the output fuel cell and supercapacitor. The simulation results show that the power battery fluctuation range of the hybrid vehicle multi-energy system based on the wavelet transform proposed in this paper is significantly smaller than that of other methods, and the entire process operates at low power points. The results of the experiments suggest that the strategies given in this study can successfully extend the life of fuel cells while also lowering the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle system.
Caring for children with life-limiting skin disorders poses a challenge for all involved in their management. It is essential that all professionals involved are familiar with the disease process and the particular symptoms that may develop, in order to provide multidimensional care in accordance with the wishes of the child and their family. Most professionals who are working in paediatric palliative care encounter such primary life-limiting skin diseases relatively infrequently. Much more often they are faced with the need to manage symptoms in the skin that arise from other, more general systemic life-limiting conditions. The range of these is very wide. This chapter has provided an overview of the pathophysiology and management of some of the more common symptoms that may be manifested in the skin.
In high-powered application scenarios, a multi-stack fuel cell system (MFCS) could have advantages such as higher robustness, lifetime, and reliability than a single-stack fuel cell system. In particular, MFCS could maintain a high efficiency and increase system redundancy by power configuration between subsystems. In order to reduce the operational expenses for systems, a reasonable power management strategy is necessary to minimize the hydrogen consumption of MFCS. First, the power-hydrogen consumption curve of the single-stack fuel cell system is discretized from experimental measurements. Next, the discrete data are reassembled by the inverse derivation of the dynamic programming method to produce a minimum solution for the hydrogen consumption in the output power range. It is found that the strategy varies depending on activated state On or Off. Finally, two power allocation strategies are developed and modeled in a lookup-table block considering the activated state. The optimal stack output power strategy is analyzed with four stacks. The results indicate that the hydrogen consumption is smaller and more efficient than the other allocation strategies. It can respond to the load demand with a high efficiency sooner than the average strategy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.