Li-rich-layered oxide is considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials for high-energy lithium ion batteries. However, it suffers from poor rate capability, capacity loss, and voltage decay upon cycling that limits its utilization in practical applications. Surface properties of Li-rich-layered oxide play a critical role in the function of batteries. Herein, a novel and successful strategy for synchronous tailoring surface structure and chemical composition of Li-rich-layered oxide is proposed. Poor nickel content on the surface of carbonate precursor is initially prepared by a facile treatment of NH 3 ·H 2 O, which can retain at a certain low amount on the surface in the final lithiated Li-rich-layered oxide after a solid-phase reaction process. Moreover, a phase-gradient outer layer with "layered-coexisting phasespinel" structure toward to the outside surface is self-induced and formed synchronously based on poor nickel surface of the precursor. Electrochemical tests reveal this unique surface enables excellent cycling stability, improved rate capability, and slight voltage decay of cathodes. The finding here sheds light on a universal principle both for masterly tailoring surface structure and chemical composition at the same time for improving electrochemical performance of electrode materials.

In this Letter, we realized an enhanced optical rotation of the zero-order transmitted light through a silver film with an array of perforated S-shaped holes. Different from the previous studies, this effect results from the contribution of both the localized surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The rotation angle can be modulated with the thickness due to the phase retardation of the SPPs when tunneling to the emitted surface. With a sample thickness 245 nm, a near-complete cross-polarization conversion (90° optical rotation) can be achieved, representing a major advance in performance compared to the previously reported planar chiral structures.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating of all the traumatic conditions that afflict individuals. For a number of years, extensive studies have been conducted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of SCI. Experimental and clinical studies have indicated that two phases, primary damage and secondary damage, are involved in SCI. The initial mechanical damage is caused by local impairment of the spinal cord. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms are associated with hyperflexion, hyperextension, axial loading and rotation. By contrast, secondary injury mechanisms are led by systemic and cellular factors, which may also be initiated by the primary injury. Although significant advances in supportive care have improved clinical outcomes in recent years, a number of studies continue to explore specific pharmacological therapies to minimize SCI. The present review summarized some important pathophysiologic mechanisms that are involved in SCI and focused on several pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, which have either been previously investigated or have a potential in the management of this debilitating injury in the near future.

During times of public crises (such as COVID-19), governments must act swiftly to release crisis information effectively and efficiently to the public. This paper provides a general overview of the way that the Wuhan local government use Weibo as a channel to engage with their citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the media richness, dialogic loop, and a series of theoretically relevant factors, such as content type, text length, and information source, we try to examine how citizen engage with their local government. By analyzing the data mining samples from Wuhan Release, the official Sina Weibo account of Wuhan’s local government, results show that, despite the unstable situation COVID-19 over the crisis, there exist three stages of a crisis on the whole. Combining the behavior of the government and the public, duration from 31 December 2019 to 19 January 2020 could be seen as the development period, then the outbreak period (30 January 2020 to 28 February 2020), and a grace period (29 February 2020 to19 April 2020). Public attention to different types of information changes over time, but curbing rumors has always been a priority. Media richness features partially influent citizen engagement. Text length is significantly positively associated with citizen engagement through government social media. However, posts containing information sources have a negative impact on citizen engagement.

By a combined AFM/X-ray study, we unveil a reconstruction at the organic interface accompanying the Stranski-Kranstanov growth of di-indenoperylene (DIP) deposited on fluorinated cobalt-phthalocyanines (F 16 CoPc). This reconstruction involves an abrupt change in the F 16 CoPc packing in those areas covered by DIP. After the total completion of the first DIP monolayer, the entire F 16 CoPc interfacial layer is reconstructed and eventually becomes buried under the growing DIP film. We demonstrate that the morphological transition from smooth to highly textured heterostructures occurring at a threshold temperature of 70 °C is intimately related to the thermal activation of the reconstruction of the underlying F 16 CoPc layers. This study provides further understanding of the molecular-scale processes that ultimately determine the controlled growth of organic heterojunctions.

We demonstrate a laser for the silicon photonics platform by hybrid integration with a III/V reflective semiconductor optical amplifier coupled to a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator half-cavity. We utilize a novel ultra-thin silicon edge coupler. A single adiabatic microring based inline reflector is used to select a lasing mode, as compared to the multiple rings and Bragg gratings used in many previous results. Despite the simplified design, the laser was measured to have on-chip 9.8 mW power, less than 220 KHz linewidth, over 45 dB side mode suppression ratio, less than -135 dB/Hz relative intensity noise, and 2.7% wall plug efficiency.

Spinal cord of the rat was investigated immunohistochemically to detect signs of extravasation of fibronectin in animals in which the cord was subjected to different degrees of compression trauma. Immunohistochemistry was performed after survival periods of 4 and 24 h and parallel sections were incubated for albumin immunoreactivity to detect signs of breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Extravascular reaction products indicating the presence of fibronectin were found within and in the vicinity of the compression provided that bleeding had occurred in the spinal cord, i.e., in rats with severe trauma. Immunoreactive material indicating extravascular albumin was present in the traumatized region and in many segments of the cord located away from the compressed part. Such material was seen both proximal and distal to the primary injury and even in rats with a low magnitude of compression. Generally, with more severe trauma and longer survival periods extravascular albumin was more extensively distributed along the cord. No signs of fibronectin antigen were detected in spinal cord segments away from the compression even though such regions showed albumin immunoreactivity outside the vessels. The results indicate that within and close to the primary injury of compressed spinal cord exudation of fibronectin may occur from the plasma of microvessels provided that the impact is severe enough to cause intramedullary hemorrhages.

An initial oxidative stress acts as a trigger to upregulate antioxidant enzyme activity, rather than the neural pathway, and plays an important role in the formation of the tolerance against spinal cord ischemia by limb RIPC.