Exudation of fibronectin and albumin after spinal cord injury in rats

Abstract

Spinal cord of the rat was investigated immunohistochemically to detect signs of extravasation of fibronectin in animals in which the cord was subjected to different degrees of compression trauma. Immunohistochemistry was performed after survival periods of 4 and 24 h and parallel sections were incubated for albumin immunoreactivity to detect signs of breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Extravascular reaction products indicating the presence of fibronectin were found within and in the vicinity of the compression provided that bleeding had occurred in the spinal cord, i.e., in rats with severe trauma. Immunoreactive material indicating extravascular albumin was present in the traumatized region and in many segments of the cord located away from the compressed part. Such material was seen both proximal and distal to the primary injury and even in rats with a low magnitude of compression. Generally, with more severe trauma and longer survival periods extravascular albumin was more extensively distributed along the cord. No signs of fibronectin antigen were detected in spinal cord segments away from the compression even though such regions showed albumin immunoreactivity outside the vessels. The results indicate that within and close to the primary injury of compressed spinal cord exudation of fibronectin may occur from the plasma of microvessels provided that the impact is severe enough to cause intramedullary hemorrhages.

Glial cell responses, complement, and clusterin in the central nervous system following dorsal root transection

“…The absence of any reduction in staining with the blood-brain-barrier antibody, as well as the absence of albumin leakage in the areas expressing complement, indicate that the blood brain barrier is intact (cf. Farooque et al, 1992). The complement components observed are therefore probably not derived from serum but rather produced locally by microglia (cf.…”

The Ryk Receptor Is Expressed in Glial and Fibronectin-Expressing Cells after Spinal Cord Injury

“…[42][43][44][45] For this reason, we sought to evaluate by 14 dpi, when we observed that fibronectin immunolabeling in the injured tissue was clearly…”

“…Several reports have demonstrated the presence of fibronectin in the injury core, even in non-penetrating injuries where meningeal fibroblast invasion and proliferation are minimal. [42][43][44][45] Different sources have been proposed for this fibronectin + scar, including vascular extravasation of plasma fibronectin. 42,45 However, this intriguing issue has not been completely explored as, for example, there are meningeal-like cells that surround the blood vessels in the CNS, but the extent to which they participate in CNS injuries is not yet clear.…”

“…[42][43][44][45] Different sources have been proposed for this fibronectin + scar, including vascular extravasation of plasma fibronectin. 42,45 However, this intriguing issue has not been completely explored as, for example, there are meningeal-like cells that surround the blood vessels in the CNS, but the extent to which they participate in CNS injuries is not yet clear. 71 Moreover, it has been shown that there is an increase in the perivascular cells expressing fibroblast markers after a contusive injury to the rat spinal cord.…”

Effect of 21-aminosteroid on extracellular energy-related metabolites and amino acids after compression injury of rat spinal cord

“…The perifocal secondary changes include formation of oedema, glial cell changes, and neuronal and myelin abnormalities (Farooque et al 1992Li et al 1995). Important inducers of such reactions include glutamate release, lactic acidosis, changes of amino acid levels and free radical formation (Demopoulos et al 1982;Panter et al 1990;Hall 1992;Farooque et al 1996).…”