Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a pleiotropic gene with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-angiogenic properties. However, recent reports about the effects of PEDF on cardiomyocytes are controversial, and it is not known whether and how PEDF acts to inhibit hypoxic or ischemic endothelial injury in the heart. In the present study, adult Sprague-Dawley rat models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were surgically established. PEDF-small interfering RNA (siRNA)-lentivirus (PEDF-RNAi-LV) or PEDF-LV was delivered into the myocardium along the infarct border to knockdown or overexpress PEDF, respectively. Vascular permeability, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, myocardial infarct size and animal cardiac function were analyzed. We also evaluated PEDF’s effect on the suppression of the endothelial permeability and cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxia in vitro. The results indicated that PEDF significantly suppressed the vascular permeability and inhibited hypoxia-induced endothelial permeability through PPARγ-dependent tight junction (TJ) production. PEDF protected cardiomyocytes against ischemia or hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro via preventing the activation of caspase-3. We also found that PEDF significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and enhanced cardiac function in rats with AMI. These data suggest that PEDF could protect cardiac function from ischemic injury, at least by means of reducing vascular permeability, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial infarct size.
In the present study, via using the mixed-ligand synthesis approach, a new Mn(II)-containing coordination polymer (CP) with the chemical formula of {[Mn3(timb)2(SO3–IPA)2(H2O)2]·8H2O} n (1) has been successfully prepared via reaction of MnCl2·4H2O with the tripodal linker 1,3,5-tris(2-methylimidazole-1-yl)benzene (timb) and aromatic dicarboxylic acid ligand –SO3 group functionalized isophthalic acid (H2IPA) ligand. Furthermore, the biological activity of the new compound on renal calculus was assessed, and the related mechanism was explored as well. The Calcium Colorimetric Assay was conducted and the concentration of Ca2+ in urine was determined. The western blotting assay was conducted and the expression levels of the osteopontin (OPN) in the distal tubule were measured. Molecular docking simulation revealed that the carboxyl, iminazole, and sulfonate groups were all involving into the binding interactions with the target protein, and therefore exhibited strong biological activity.
As more data-path stacks are integrated into system-on-a-chip (SOC), data-path is becoming a critical part ofthe whole giga-scale integrated circuits (GSI) design. The traditional layout design methodology can not satisfy the data-path performance requirements because it has no knowledge of the data-path bit-sliced structure and the strict performance (such as timing, coupling, and crosstalk) constraints. In this paper, we address fundamental problems in layout design automation of data-path. We concentrate on the key technologies in data-path layout design. We also discuss the corresponding researches and solutions in this research field.
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