El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the most prominent interannual mode in the Earth's climate system, influences global weather and climate via multiple teleconnection pathways (M. Cai et al., 2019;Yeh et al., 2018). One of the most important and well-known ENSO teleconnections to Atlantic Ocean is the sea surface temperature (SST) changes over the tropical North Atlantic (TNA). The changes in TNA SST associated with ENSO, also referred to the North Tropical Atlantic Mode (Wu et al., 2004;Yang et al., 2018), have broad impacts on devastating extreme weather events over the surrounding regions (
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