Mini-implants placed in younger patients or placed on the mandibular arch are at a greater risk of failing. The miniplate system has greater stability compared with miniscrews or microscrews. However, it requires flap surgery for insertion and removal, which usually causes swelling and discomfort. Therefore, selection of the proper type of skeletal anchorage should be based on the specific treatment needs of each individual patient.

There are about 200 -600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is one of the major risk factor of hepatocarcinoma, oropharyngeal, and esophagus cancers in Taiwan, India, and Southeast Asian countries. Thus, the precise molecular mechanisms deserve investigation. We used cultured primary keratinocytes and KB

No abstract

During placement of miniscrews in the aveolar process, increased failure rates were noticed among those contacting adjacent roots. Failed miniscrews appeared to be surrounded with a greater volume of soft tissue. When more inflammation was present, the adjacent roots seemed to experience more resorption. Nevertheless, the created lesion was repaired with a narrow zone of mineralized tissue deposited on the root surface, which was likely cellular cementum, and was mainly filled with alveolar bone, with the periodontal ligament space being maintained.